CODE OF VIRGINIA

VOTING FOR DIRECTORS; CUMULATIVE VOTING (§ 13.1-669)

A. Unless otherwise provided in the articles of incorporation or the bylaws,
directors are elected by a plurality of the votes cast by the shares entitled to
vote in the election at a meeting at which a quorum is present.

B. Shareholders do not have a right to cumulate their votes for directors unless
the articles of incorporation so provide.

C. A statement included in the articles of incorporation that “all of a
designated voting group of shareholders are entitled to cumulate their votes for
directors” or words of similar import means that the shareholders
designated are entitled to multiply the number of votes they are entitled to
cast by the number of directors for whom they are entitled to vote and cast the
product for a single candidate or distribute the product among two or more
candidates.

D. Shares otherwise entitled to vote cumulatively may not be voted cumulatively
at a particular meeting unless:

   1.  The meeting notice or proxy statement accompanying the notice states
   conspicuously that cumulative voting is authorized; or

   2.  A shareholder who has the right to cumulate his votes gives notice to the
   secretary of the corporation not less than 48 hours before the time set for
   the meeting of the shareholder’s intent to cumulate his votes during the
   meeting. If one shareholder gives such a notice all other shareholders in the
   same voting group participating in the election are entitled to cumulate their
   votes without giving further notice.

E. If a corporation’s articles of incorporation authorize shareholders to
cumulate their votes when electing directors, directors may not be elected by
written consent pursuant to § 13.1-657 unless it is unanimous.

HISTORY: Code 1950, §§ 13-193 to 13-198, 13-203, 13.1-32; 1956, c. 428; 1958,
c. 564; 1975, c. 500; 1984, c. 366; 1985, c. 522; 2005, c. 765; 2007, c. 165.