{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-json\/13.1-1206.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-text\/13.1-1206.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-xml\/13.1-1206.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-html\/13.1-1206.html"}],"law_id":346476,"edition_id":2,"section_id":346476,"structure_id":49747,"section_number":"13.1-1206","catch_line":"Unlawful to transact or offer to transact business as a business trust; penalty","history":"2002, c. 621.","full_text":"A\n\nIt shall be unlawful for any person to transact business in this Commonwealth as a business trust or to offer or advertise to transact business in this Commonwealth as a business trust unless the alleged business trust is either a domestic business trust or a foreign business trust authorized to transact business in this Commonwealth.\n\nB\n\nAny person who violates the provisions of this section is guilty of a Class 1 misdemeanor.\n\n","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":1291819,"text":"It shall be unlawful for any person to transact business in this Commonwealth as a business trust or to offer or advertise to transact business in this Commonwealth as a business trust unless the alleged business trust is either a domestic business trust or a foreign business trust authorized to transact business in this Commonwealth.","type":"section","prefixes":["A"],"prefix":"A","entire_prefix":"A","prefix_anchor":"A","level":1,"next_prefix":"B"},"1":{"id":1291820,"text":"Any person who violates the provisions of this section is guilty of a Class 1 misdemeanor.","type":"section","prefixes":["B"],"prefix":"B","entire_prefix":"B","prefix_anchor":"B","level":1,"prior_prefix":"A"}},"ancestry":[{"id":49747,"edition_id":2,"name":"General Provisions","identifier":"1","label":"article","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":49746,"metadata":{"child_laws":9,"child_structures":0},"date_created":"2026-08-02 02:14:23","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:29:21","permalink":{"id":1376115,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":49747,"identifier":"1","token":"13.1\/14\/1","url":"\/13.1\/14\/1\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":49746,"edition_id":2,"name":"Virginia Business Trust Act","identifier":"14","label":"chapter","depth":2,"order_by":17,"parent_id":49726,"metadata":{"child_laws":93,"child_structures":14},"date_created":"2026-08-02 02:14:23","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:29:20","permalink":{"id":1376113,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":49746,"identifier":"14","token":"13.1\/14","url":"\/13.1\/14\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":49726,"edition_id":2,"name":"Corporations","identifier":"13.1","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":44,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{"child_laws":894,"child_structures":104},"date_created":"2026-08-02 02:14:01","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:29:04","permalink":{"id":1374495,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":49726,"identifier":"13.1","token":"13.1","url":"\/13.1\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":346470,"structure_id":49747,"section_number":"13.1-1200","catch_line":"Short title","url":"\/13.1-1200\/","token":"13.1\/14\/1\/13.1-1200","metadata":{"court_decisions":{"0":{"name":"Williams v. Equity Holding Corp.","case_number":"Civil Action No. 2:07cv66","citation":"245 F.R.D. 240","date":"2007-09-19","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/8765603\/williams-v-equity-holding-corp\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDER .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"District Court, E.D. Virginia"},"1":{"name":"Jimenez v. Corr","case_number":"140112","citation":null,"date":"2014-10-31","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/2747281\/jimenez-v-corr\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. Present: Kinser, C.J., Lemons, Millette, Mims, McClanahan, and .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"SCV<\/abbr>"},"2":{"name":"Williams v. Equity Holding Corp.","case_number":"Civil Action 2:07cv66","citation":"498 F. Supp. 2d 831","date":"2007-08-03","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/1652725\/williams-v-equity-holding-corp\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. 498 F.Supp.2d 831 (2007) .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"District Court, E.D. Virginia"}}}},{"id":346471,"structure_id":49747,"section_number":"13.1-1201","catch_line":"Definitions","url":"\/13.1-1201\/","token":"13.1\/14\/1\/13.1-1201","metadata":false},{"id":346472,"structure_id":49747,"section_number":"13.1-1202","catch_line":"Filing requirements","url":"\/13.1-1202\/","token":"13.1\/14\/1\/13.1-1202","metadata":{"court_decisions":""}},{"id":346473,"structure_id":49747,"section_number":"13.1-1203","catch_line":"Issuance of certificate by Commission; recordation of documents","url":"\/13.1-1203\/","token":"13.1\/14\/1\/13.1-1203","metadata":false},{"id":346474,"structure_id":49747,"section_number":"13.1-1204","catch_line":"Fees for filing documents and issuing certificates","url":"\/13.1-1204\/","token":"13.1\/14\/1\/13.1-1204","metadata":{"court_decisions":""}},{"id":346475,"structure_id":49747,"section_number":"13.1-1205","catch_line":"Unlawful to sign false documents; penalty","url":"\/13.1-1205\/","token":"13.1\/14\/1\/13.1-1205","metadata":{"court_decisions":""}},{"id":346476,"structure_id":49747,"section_number":"13.1-1206","catch_line":"Unlawful to transact or offer to transact business as a business trust; penalty","url":"\/13.1-1206\/","token":"13.1\/14\/1\/13.1-1206","metadata":false},{"id":346477,"structure_id":49747,"section_number":"13.1-1207","catch_line":"Tax classification","url":"\/13.1-1207\/","token":"13.1\/14\/1\/13.1-1207","metadata":{"court_decisions":""}},{"id":346478,"structure_id":49747,"section_number":"13.1-1208","catch_line":"Separate legal entity","url":"\/13.1-1208\/","token":"13.1\/14\/1\/13.1-1208","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":346475,"structure_id":49747,"section_number":"13.1-1205","catch_line":"Unlawful to sign false documents; penalty","url":"\/13.1-1205\/","token":"13.1\/14\/1\/13.1-1205","metadata":{"court_decisions":""}},"next_section":{"id":346477,"structure_id":49747,"section_number":"13.1-1207","catch_line":"Tax classification","url":"\/13.1-1207\/","token":"13.1\/14\/1\/13.1-1207","metadata":{"court_decisions":""}},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/13.1-1206\/","history_text":"

This law was first created in 2002. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 621<\/a> of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year.<\/p>","references":false,"refers_to":false,"permalink":{"id":1376141,"object_type":"law","relational_id":346476,"identifier":"13.1-1206","token":"13.1\/14\/1\/13.1-1206","url":"\/13.1-1206\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/13.1-1206\/","token":"13.1\/14\/1\/13.1-1206","dublin_core":{"Title":"Unlawful to transact or offer to transact business as a business trust; penalty","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 13.1-1206","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

A.<\/span> It shall be unlawful for any person<\/span> to transact business in this Commonwealth as a business trust or to offer or advertise to transact business in this Commonwealth as a business trust unless the alleged business trust is either a domestic business trust<\/span> or a foreign business trust<\/span> authorized to transact business in this Commonwealth. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

B.<\/span> Any person<\/span> who violates the provisions of this section is guilty of a Class 1 misdemeanor<\/span>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nUNLAWFUL TO TRANSACT OR OFFER TO TRANSACT BUSINESS AS A BUSINESS TRUST; PENALTY\n(\u00a7 13.1-1206)\n\nA. It shall be unlawful for any person to transact business in this Commonwealth\nas a business trust or to offer or advertise to transact business in this\nCommonwealth as a business trust unless the alleged business trust is either a\ndomestic business trust or a foreign business trust authorized to transact\nbusiness in this Commonwealth.\n\nB. Any person who violates the provisions of this section is guilty of a Class 1\nmisdemeanor.\n\nHISTORY: 2002, c. 621.","edition":{"id":2,"name":"2026","slug":"2026","date_created":"2026-07-16 18:40:23","date_modified":"2026-08-02 15:14:36","current":1,"order_by":2,"last_import":"2026-08-02 12:37:30"}}