{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-json\/13.1-727.1.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-text\/13.1-727.1.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-xml\/13.1-727.1.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-html\/13.1-727.1.html"}],"law_id":346892,"edition_id":2,"section_id":346892,"structure_id":49798,"section_number":"13.1-727.1","catch_line":"Nonexclusivity","history":"1988, c. 442.","full_text":"Except as expressly provided in this article, the provisions of this article shall not limit actions that may be taken, or require the taking of any action, by the board of directors or shareholders with respect to any potential change in control of the corporation. With respect to any action or any failure to act by the board of directors, the provisions of \u00a7 13.1-690 shall apply. In determining the best interests of the corporation, a director may consider the possibility that those interests may best be served by the continued independence of the corporation.\n\n","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":1294078,"text":"Except as expressly provided in this article, the provisions of this article shall not limit actions that may be taken, or require the taking of any action, by the board of directors or shareholders with respect to any potential change in control of the corporation. With respect to any action or any failure to act by the board of directors, the provisions of \u00a7 13.1-690 shall apply. In determining the best interests of the corporation, a director may consider the possibility that those interests may best be served by the continued independence of the corporation.","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1}},"ancestry":[{"id":49798,"edition_id":2,"name":"Affiliated Transactions","identifier":"14","label":"article","depth":3,"order_by":13,"parent_id":49780,"metadata":{"child_laws":7,"child_structures":0},"date_created":"2026-08-02 02:15:37","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:29:12","permalink":{"id":1377479,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":49798,"identifier":"14","token":"13.1\/9\/14","url":"\/13.1\/9\/14\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":49780,"edition_id":2,"name":"Virginia Stock Corporation Act","identifier":"9","label":"chapter","depth":2,"order_by":12,"parent_id":49726,"metadata":{"child_laws":265,"child_structures":27},"date_created":"2026-08-02 02:14:54","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:29:09","permalink":{"id":1377165,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":49780,"identifier":"9","token":"13.1\/9","url":"\/13.1\/9\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":49726,"edition_id":2,"name":"Corporations","identifier":"13.1","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":44,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{"child_laws":894,"child_structures":104},"date_created":"2026-08-02 02:14:01","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:29:04","permalink":{"id":1374495,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":49726,"identifier":"13.1","token":"13.1","url":"\/13.1\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":346889,"structure_id":49798,"section_number":"13.1-725","catch_line":"Definitions","url":"\/13.1-725\/","token":"13.1\/9\/14\/13.1-725","metadata":false},{"id":346888,"structure_id":49798,"section_number":"13.1-725.1","catch_line":"Affiliated transactions","url":"\/13.1-725.1\/","token":"13.1\/9\/14\/13.1-725.1","metadata":false},{"id":346891,"structure_id":49798,"section_number":"13.1-726","catch_line":"Voting requirements for affiliated transactions","url":"\/13.1-726\/","token":"13.1\/9\/14\/13.1-726","metadata":{"court_decisions":{"0":{"name":"DCG & T ex rel. Battaglia\/Ira v. Knight","case_number":"Civil Case No. 3:14-cv-067-JAG","citation":"68 F. Supp. 3d 579","date":"2014-12-18","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/7310632\/dcg-t-ex-rel-battagliaira-v-knight\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. MEMORANDUM OPINION .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"District Court, E.D. Virginia"},"1":{"name":"WLR Foods, Inc. v. Tyson Foods, Inc.","case_number":"Civ. A. 94-012-H","citation":"861 F. Supp. 1277","date":"1994-08-09","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/2261568\/wlr-foods-inc-v-tyson-foods-inc\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. 861 F.Supp. 1277 (1994) .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"District Court, W.D. Virginia"},"2":{"name":"WLR Foods, Inc. v. Tyson Foods, Inc.","case_number":"No. 95-1039","citation":"65 F.3d 1172","date":"1995-09-22","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/7033810\/wlr-foods-inc-v-tyson-foods-inc\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. Affirmed by published opinion. Judge MURNAGHAN wrote the opinion, in which Chief Judge ERVIN and .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit"}}}},{"id":346890,"structure_id":49798,"section_number":"13.1-726.1","catch_line":"Determination by disinterested directors","url":"\/13.1-726.1\/","token":"13.1\/9\/14\/13.1-726.1","metadata":false},{"id":346893,"structure_id":49798,"section_number":"13.1-727","catch_line":"Exceptions","url":"\/13.1-727\/","token":"13.1\/9\/14\/13.1-727","metadata":{"court_decisions":{"0":{"name":"DCG & T ex rel. Battaglia\/Ira v. Knight","case_number":"Civil Case No. 3:14-cv-067-JAG","citation":"68 F. Supp. 3d 579","date":"2014-12-18","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/7310632\/dcg-t-ex-rel-battagliaira-v-knight\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. MEMORANDUM OPINION .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"District Court, E.D. Virginia"},"1":{"name":"Berman v. Physical Medicine Associates, Ltd.","case_number":"99-1043","citation":"225 F.3d 429","date":"2000-08-23","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/2967261\/berman-v-physical-medicine-associates-ltd\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. Affirmed by published opinion. Judge NIEMEYER wrote the opinion, in which Judge MICHAEL and Judge .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit"},"2":{"name":" .\u202f.\u202f. William S. Berman, M.D. v. Physical Medicine Associates, .\u202f.\u202f. ","case_number":"99-1043","citation":"225 F.3d 429","date":"2000-08-23","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/770274\/william-s-berman-md-v-physical-medicine-associates-limited\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. 225 F.3d 429 (4th Cir. 2000) .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit"},"3":{"name":"WLR Foods, Inc. v. Tyson Foods, Inc.","case_number":"No. 95-1039","citation":"65 F.3d 1172","date":"1995-09-22","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/7033810\/wlr-foods-inc-v-tyson-foods-inc\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. Affirmed by published opinion. Judge MURNAGHAN wrote the opinion, in which Chief Judge ERVIN and .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit"}}}},{"id":346892,"structure_id":49798,"section_number":"13.1-727.1","catch_line":"Nonexclusivity","url":"\/13.1-727.1\/","token":"13.1\/9\/14\/13.1-727.1","metadata":{"court_decisions":{"0":{"name":"Berman v. Physical Medicine Associates, Ltd.","case_number":"99-1043","citation":"225 F.3d 429","date":"2000-08-23","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/2967261\/berman-v-physical-medicine-associates-ltd\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. Affirmed by published opinion. Judge NIEMEYER wrote the opinion, in which Judge MICHAEL and Judge .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit"},"1":{"name":" .\u202f.\u202f. William S. Berman, M.D. v. Physical Medicine Associates, .\u202f.\u202f. ","case_number":"99-1043","citation":"225 F.3d 429","date":"2000-08-23","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/770274\/william-s-berman-md-v-physical-medicine-associates-limited\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. 225 F.3d 429 (4th Cir. 2000) .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit"},"2":{"name":"WLR Foods, Inc. v. Tyson Foods, Inc.","case_number":"No. 95-1039","citation":"65 F.3d 1172","date":"1995-09-22","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/7033810\/wlr-foods-inc-v-tyson-foods-inc\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. Affirmed by published opinion. Judge MURNAGHAN wrote the opinion, in which Chief Judge ERVIN and .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit"}}}},{"id":346903,"structure_id":49798,"section_number":"13.1-728","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/13.1-728\/","token":"13.1\/9\/14\/13.1-728","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":346893,"structure_id":49798,"section_number":"13.1-727","catch_line":"Exceptions","url":"\/13.1-727\/","token":"13.1\/9\/14\/13.1-727","metadata":{"court_decisions":{"0":{"name":"DCG & T ex rel. Battaglia\/Ira v. Knight","case_number":"Civil Case No. 3:14-cv-067-JAG","citation":"68 F. Supp. 3d 579","date":"2014-12-18","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/7310632\/dcg-t-ex-rel-battagliaira-v-knight\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. MEMORANDUM OPINION .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"District Court, E.D. Virginia"},"1":{"name":"Berman v. Physical Medicine Associates, Ltd.","case_number":"99-1043","citation":"225 F.3d 429","date":"2000-08-23","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/2967261\/berman-v-physical-medicine-associates-ltd\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. Affirmed by published opinion. Judge NIEMEYER wrote the opinion, in which Judge MICHAEL and Judge .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit"},"2":{"name":" .\u202f.\u202f. William S. Berman, M.D. v. Physical Medicine Associates, .\u202f.\u202f. ","case_number":"99-1043","citation":"225 F.3d 429","date":"2000-08-23","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/770274\/william-s-berman-md-v-physical-medicine-associates-limited\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. 225 F.3d 429 (4th Cir. 2000) .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit"},"3":{"name":"WLR Foods, Inc. v. Tyson Foods, Inc.","case_number":"No. 95-1039","citation":"65 F.3d 1172","date":"1995-09-22","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/7033810\/wlr-foods-inc-v-tyson-foods-inc\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. Affirmed by published opinion. Judge MURNAGHAN wrote the opinion, in which Chief Judge ERVIN and .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit"}}}},"next_section":{"id":346903,"structure_id":49798,"section_number":"13.1-728","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/13.1-728\/","token":"13.1\/9\/14\/13.1-728","metadata":false},"metadata":{"court_decisions":{"0":{"name":"Berman v. Physical Medicine Associates, Ltd.","case_number":"99-1043","citation":"225 F.3d 429","date":"2000-08-23","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/2967261\/berman-v-physical-medicine-associates-ltd\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. Affirmed by published opinion. Judge NIEMEYER wrote the opinion, in which Judge MICHAEL and Judge .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit"},"1":{"name":" .\u202f.\u202f. William S. Berman, M.D. v. Physical Medicine Associates, .\u202f.\u202f. ","case_number":"99-1043","citation":"225 F.3d 429","date":"2000-08-23","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/770274\/william-s-berman-md-v-physical-medicine-associates-limited\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. 225 F.3d 429 (4th Cir. 2000) .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit"},"2":{"name":"WLR Foods, Inc. v. Tyson Foods, Inc.","case_number":"No. 95-1039","citation":"65 F.3d 1172","date":"1995-09-22","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/7033810\/wlr-foods-inc-v-tyson-foods-inc\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. Affirmed by published opinion. Judge MURNAGHAN wrote the opinion, in which Chief Judge ERVIN and .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit"}}},"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/13.1-727.1\/","history_text":"<p>This law was first created in 1988. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 442 of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. Unfortunately, the 1988 \u201cActs\u201d aren\u2019t available online.<\/p>","references":false,"refers_to":[{"id":346830,"section_number":"13.1-690","catch_line":"General standards of conduct for director","order_by":null,"url":"\/13.1-690\/"}],"permalink":{"id":1377501,"object_type":"law","relational_id":346892,"identifier":"13.1-727.1","token":"13.1\/9\/14\/13.1-727.1","url":"\/13.1-727.1\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/13.1-727.1\/","token":"13.1\/9\/14\/13.1-727.1","dublin_core":{"Title":"Nonexclusivity","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 13.1-727.1","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section><p>Except as expressly provided in this article, the provisions of this article shall not limit actions that may be taken, or require the taking of any action, by the board of directors or <span class=\"dictionary\">shareholders<\/span> with respect to any potential change in <span class=\"dictionary\">control<\/span> of the <span class=\"dictionary\">corporation<\/span>. With respect to any action or any failure to act by the board of directors, the provisions of \u00a7&nbsp;<a class=\"law\" title=\"General standards of conduct for director\" href=\"\/13.1-690\/\">13.1-690<\/a> shall apply. In determining the best <span class=\"dictionary\">interests<\/span> of the <span class=\"dictionary\">corporation<\/span>, a director may consider the possibility that those <span class=\"dictionary\">interests<\/span> may best be served by the continued independence of the <span class=\"dictionary\">corporation<\/span>.<\/p><\/section>","plain_text":"                                 CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nNONEXCLUSIVITY (\u00a7 13.1-727.1)\n\nExcept as expressly provided in this article, the provisions of this article\nshall not limit actions that may be taken, or require the taking of any action,\nby the board of directors or shareholders with respect to any potential change\nin control of the corporation. With respect to any action or any failure to act\nby the board of directors, the provisions of \u00a7 13.1-690 shall apply. In\ndetermining the best interests of the corporation, a director may consider the\npossibility that those interests may best be served by the continued\nindependence of the corporation.\n\nHISTORY: 1988, c. 442.","edition":{"id":2,"name":"2026","slug":"2026","date_created":"2026-07-16 18:40:23","date_modified":"2026-08-02 15:14:36","current":1,"order_by":2,"last_import":"2026-08-02 12:37:30"}}