{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-json\/17.1-1005.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-text\/17.1-1005.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-xml\/17.1-1005.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-html\/17.1-1005.html"}],"law_id":349931,"edition_id":2,"section_id":349931,"structure_id":50107,"section_number":"17.1-1005","catch_line":"Penalties","history":"2018, c. 783.","full_text":"A\n\nA person harmed by a violation of this chapter may file a motion alleging the violation with the administrative body, court, or administrative tribunal in which the action upon which the legal proceeding is based is pending or is scheduled to be heard. A person need not commence a separate action to allege a violation of this chapter.\n\nB\n\nA complaint alleging a violation of this chapter may be filed by any person with knowledge of the offense or by the administrative body, court, or administrative tribunal on its own initiative. The court reporter or court reporting services provider alleged to have violated this chapter shall be given notice and a right to be heard on any such complaint, with the right of appeal or review as in other cases.\n\nC\n\nA complaint and request for civil penalties and sanctions may be brought:\n\n1\n\nBy motion in the administrative body, court, or administrative tribunal in which the case is pending or scheduled to be heard; or\n\n2\n\nIn the general district court for the county or city in which the court reporting services were or are scheduled to be provided.\n\nD\n\nA court reporter or court reporting services provider that willfully violates this chapter shall be subject to a civil penalty of $500 for the first offense, $750 for the second offense, and $1,000 for the third and any subsequent offense. Such penalty shall be collected by the clerk of the administrative body, court, or administrative tribunal in which such penalty was assessed. The amounts so collected shall be paid by the clerk to the state treasury and credited to the Legal Aid Services Fund within the Virginia State Bar fund. Such amounts credited to the Legal Aid Services Fund shall be disbursed by the Virginia State Bar by check from the State Treasurer upon a warrant of the comptroller to nonprofit legal aid programs organized under the auspices of the Virginia State Bar through the Legal Services Corporation of Virginia.\n\t\t\tIn addition to any civil penalty assessed, the administrative body, court, or administrative tribunal that received the complaint pursuant to this section and determined that a person or entity violated this chapter may bar such person or entity from providing services in matters before such body, court, or tribunal.\n\nE\n\nAn administrative body, court, or administrative tribunal that finds a violation as a result of a complaint pursuant to this section shall submit a record of the nature and disposition of each complaint to the Virginia State Bar, which shall make such information publicly available on its website.\n\n","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":1304292,"text":"A person harmed by a violation of this chapter may file a motion alleging the violation with the administrative body, court, or administrative tribunal in which the action upon which the legal proceeding is based is pending or is scheduled to be heard. A person need not commence a separate action to allege a violation of this chapter.","type":"section","prefixes":["A"],"prefix":"A","entire_prefix":"A","prefix_anchor":"A","level":1,"next_prefix":"B"},"1":{"id":1304293,"text":"A complaint alleging a violation of this chapter may be filed by any person with knowledge of the offense or by the administrative body, court, or administrative tribunal on its own initiative. The court reporter or court reporting services provider alleged to have violated this chapter shall be given notice and a right to be heard on any such complaint, with the right of appeal or review as in other cases.","type":"section","prefixes":["B"],"prefix":"B","entire_prefix":"B","prefix_anchor":"B","level":1,"prior_prefix":"A","next_prefix":"C"},"2":{"id":1304294,"text":"A complaint and request for civil penalties and sanctions may be brought:","type":"section","prefixes":["C"],"prefix":"C","entire_prefix":"C","prefix_anchor":"C","level":1,"prior_prefix":"B","next_prefix":"C1"},"3":{"id":1304295,"text":"By motion in the administrative body, court, or administrative tribunal in which the case is pending or scheduled to be heard; or","type":"section","prefixes":["C","1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"C1","prefix_anchor":"C1","level":2,"prior_prefix":"C","next_prefix":"C2"},"4":{"id":1304296,"text":"In the general district court for the county or city in which the court reporting services were or are scheduled to be provided.","type":"section","prefixes":["C","2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"C2","prefix_anchor":"C2","level":2,"prior_prefix":"C1","next_prefix":"D"},"5":{"id":1304297,"text":"A court reporter or court reporting services provider that willfully violates this chapter shall be subject to a civil penalty of $500 for the first offense, $750 for the second offense, and $1,000 for the third and any subsequent offense. Such penalty shall be collected by the clerk of the administrative body, court, or administrative tribunal in which such penalty was assessed. The amounts so collected shall be paid by the clerk to the state treasury and credited to the Legal Aid Services Fund within the Virginia State Bar fund. Such amounts credited to the Legal Aid Services Fund shall be disbursed by the Virginia State Bar by check from the State Treasurer upon a warrant of the comptroller to nonprofit legal aid programs organized under the auspices of the Virginia State Bar through the Legal Services Corporation of Virginia.\n\t\t\tIn addition to any civil penalty assessed, the administrative body, court, or administrative tribunal that received the complaint pursuant to this section and determined that a person or entity violated this chapter may bar such person or entity from providing services in matters before such body, court, or tribunal.","type":"section","prefixes":["D"],"prefix":"D","entire_prefix":"D","prefix_anchor":"D","level":1,"prior_prefix":"C2","next_prefix":"E"},"6":{"id":1304298,"text":"An administrative body, court, or administrative tribunal that finds a violation as a result of a complaint pursuant to this section shall submit a record of the nature and disposition of each complaint to the Virginia State Bar, which shall make such information publicly available on its website.","type":"section","prefixes":["E"],"prefix":"E","entire_prefix":"E","prefix_anchor":"E","level":1,"prior_prefix":"D"}},"ancestry":[{"id":50107,"edition_id":2,"name":"Court Reporters","identifier":"10","label":"chapter","depth":2,"order_by":10,"parent_id":50105,"metadata":{"child_laws":6,"child_structures":0},"date_created":"2026-08-02 02:22:16","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:30:15","permalink":{"id":1389937,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":50107,"identifier":"10","token":"17.1\/10","url":"\/17.1\/10\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":50105,"edition_id":2,"name":"Courts of Record","identifier":"17.1","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":50,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{"child_laws":322,"child_structures":25},"date_created":"2026-08-02 02:22:16","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:30:09","permalink":{"id":1389801,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":50105,"identifier":"17.1","token":"17.1","url":"\/17.1\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":349926,"structure_id":50107,"section_number":"17.1-1000","catch_line":"Definitions","url":"\/17.1-1000\/","token":"17.1\/10\/17.1-1000","metadata":false},{"id":349927,"structure_id":50107,"section_number":"17.1-1001","catch_line":"Applicability; waiver","url":"\/17.1-1001\/","token":"17.1\/10\/17.1-1001","metadata":false},{"id":349928,"structure_id":50107,"section_number":"17.1-1002","catch_line":"Prohibited actions; exception","url":"\/17.1-1002\/","token":"17.1\/10\/17.1-1002","metadata":false},{"id":349929,"structure_id":50107,"section_number":"17.1-1003","catch_line":"Comparable treatment of parties","url":"\/17.1-1003\/","token":"17.1\/10\/17.1-1003","metadata":false},{"id":349930,"structure_id":50107,"section_number":"17.1-1004","catch_line":"Pro bono services","url":"\/17.1-1004\/","token":"17.1\/10\/17.1-1004","metadata":false},{"id":349931,"structure_id":50107,"section_number":"17.1-1005","catch_line":"Penalties","url":"\/17.1-1005\/","token":"17.1\/10\/17.1-1005","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":349930,"structure_id":50107,"section_number":"17.1-1004","catch_line":"Pro bono services","url":"\/17.1-1004\/","token":"17.1\/10\/17.1-1004","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/17.1-1005\/","history_text":"

This law was first created in 2018. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 783<\/a> of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year.<\/p>","references":false,"refers_to":false,"permalink":{"id":1389959,"object_type":"law","relational_id":349931,"identifier":"17.1-1005","token":"17.1\/10\/17.1-1005","url":"\/17.1-1005\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/17.1-1005\/","token":"17.1\/10\/17.1-1005","dublin_core":{"Title":"Penalties","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 17.1-1005","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

A.<\/span> A person harmed by a violation of this chapter may file a motion<\/span> alleging the violation with the administrative body, court<\/span>, or administrative tribunal in which the action upon which the legal proceeding<\/span> is based is pending or is scheduled to be heard. A person need not commence a separate action to allege a violation of this chapter. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

B.<\/span> A complaint alleging a violation of this chapter may be filed by any person with knowledge of the offense<\/span> or by the administrative body, court, or administrative tribunal on its own initiative. The court reporter<\/span> or court reporting services provider<\/span> alleged to have violated this chapter shall be given notice and a right to be heard on any such complaint, with the right of appeal<\/span> or review as in other cases. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

C.<\/span> A complaint and request for civil penalties and sanctions<\/span> may be brought: <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> By motion<\/span> in the administrative body, court, or administrative tribunal in which the case is pending or scheduled to be heard; or <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> In the general district court for the county or city in which the court reporting services<\/span> were or are scheduled to be provided. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

D.<\/span> A court reporter<\/span> or court reporting services provider<\/span> that willfully violates this chapter shall be subject to a civil penalty<\/span> of $500 for the first offense<\/span>, $750 for the second offense<\/span>, and $1,000 for the third and any subsequent offense<\/span>. Such penalty<\/span> shall be collected by the clerk of the administrative body, court, or administrative tribunal in which such penalty<\/span> was assessed. The amounts so collected shall be paid by the clerk to the state treasury and credited to the Legal Aid Services Fund within the Virginia State Bar fund. Such amounts credited to the Legal Aid Services Fund shall be disbursed by the Virginia State Bar by check from the State Treasurer upon a warrant of the comptroller to nonprofit legal aid programs organized under the auspices of the Virginia State Bar through the Legal Services Corporation of Virginia.\n\t\t\tIn addition to any civil penalty<\/span> assessed, the administrative body, court, or administrative tribunal that received the complaint pursuant to this section and determined that a person or entity violated this chapter may bar such person or entity from providing services in matters before such body, court, or tribunal. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

E.<\/span> An administrative body, court, or administrative tribunal that finds a violation as a result of a complaint pursuant to this section shall submit a record of the nature and disposition<\/span> of each complaint to the Virginia State Bar, which shall make such information publicly available on its website. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nPENALTIES (\u00a7 17.1-1005)\n\nA. A person harmed by a violation of this chapter may file a motion alleging the\nviolation with the administrative body, court, or administrative tribunal in\nwhich the action upon which the legal proceeding is based is pending or is\nscheduled to be heard. A person need not commence a separate action to allege a\nviolation of this chapter.\n\nB. A complaint alleging a violation of this chapter may be filed by any person\nwith knowledge of the offense or by the administrative body, court, or\nadministrative tribunal on its own initiative. The court reporter or court\nreporting services provider alleged to have violated this chapter shall be given\nnotice and a right to be heard on any such complaint, with the right of appeal\nor review as in other cases.\n\nC. A complaint and request for civil penalties and sanctions may be brought:\n\n 1. By motion in the administrative body, court, or administrative tribunal in\n which the case is pending or scheduled to be heard; or\n\n 2. In the general district court for the county or city in which the court\n reporting services were or are scheduled to be provided.\n\nD. A court reporter or court reporting services provider that willfully violates\nthis chapter shall be subject to a civil penalty of $500 for the first offense,\n$750 for the second offense, and $1,000 for the third and any subsequent\noffense. Such penalty shall be collected by the clerk of the administrative\nbody, court, or administrative tribunal in which such penalty was assessed. The\namounts so collected shall be paid by the clerk to the state treasury and\ncredited to the Legal Aid Services Fund within the Virginia State Bar fund. Such\namounts credited to the Legal Aid Services Fund shall be disbursed by the\nVirginia State Bar by check from the State Treasurer upon a warrant of the\ncomptroller to nonprofit legal aid programs organized under the auspices of the\nVirginia State Bar through the Legal Services Corporation of Virginia.\n\t\t\tIn addition to any civil penalty assessed, the administrative body, court, or\nadministrative tribunal that received the complaint pursuant to this section and\ndetermined that a person or entity violated this chapter may bar such person or\nentity from providing services in matters before such body, court, or tribunal.\n\nE. An administrative body, court, or administrative tribunal that finds a\nviolation as a result of a complaint pursuant to this section shall submit a\nrecord of the nature and disposition of each complaint to the Virginia State\nBar, which shall make such information publicly available on its website.\n\nHISTORY: 2018, c. 783.","edition":{"id":2,"name":"2026","slug":"2026","date_created":"2026-07-16 18:40:23","date_modified":"2026-08-02 15:14:36","current":1,"order_by":2,"last_import":"2026-08-02 12:37:30"}}