{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-json\/38.2-1230.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-text\/38.2-1230.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-xml\/38.2-1230.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-html\/38.2-1230.html"}],"law_id":361267,"edition_id":2,"section_id":361267,"structure_id":51661,"section_number":"38.2-1230","catch_line":"Material transactions","history":"1996, c. 304; 2004, c. 174.","full_text":"A\n\nPrior written approval of the Commission shall be required for a material transaction between a domestic reciprocal and any of its related parties or between any two or more of the reciprocal’s related parties when the material transaction occurs on or after July 1, 2004, and involves more than three percent of the domestic reciprocal’s admitted assets as reported in its most recent statutory statement filed with the Commission. All other material transactions between any such parties involving more than 0.5 percent of the domestic reciprocal’s admitted assets as reported in its most recent statutory statement filed with the Commission shall be reported to the Commission within 15 days after the end of the month in which the transaction occurs. In addition, all transactions shall meet the following standards:\n\n1\n\nThe terms shall be fair and equitable;\n\n2\n\nCharges or fees for services performed shall be reasonable;\n\n3\n\nExpenses incurred and payments received shall be allocated to the reciprocal on an equitable basis in conformity with statutory insurance accounting practices consistently applied;\n\n4\n\nThe books, accounts, and records of each party shall disclose clearly and accurately the precise nature and details of the transaction; and\n\n5\n\nThe reciprocal’s surplus following any dividends or distribution to any of the reciprocal’s related parties shall be reasonable in relation to the reciprocal’s outstanding liabilities and adequate to its financial needs.\n\nB\n\nThe Commission, in reviewing a material transaction under this section, shall consider whether the material transaction complies with the standards set forth in subsection A and also whether the transaction may adversely affect the interests of the subscribers or the solvency of the reciprocal.\n\nC\n\nWithin 60 days after written notification of any transaction requiring approval pursuant to this section, the Commission shall notify the insurer of its approval or disapproval, and, in the event of disapproval, its reason thereof. Failure of the Commission to act within 60 days of notification by the insurer shall constitute approval of the transaction.\n\nD\n\nFor the purposes of this section:\n\n1\n\n“Affiliate” of a specific person means a person that directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, owns, is owned by, or is under common ownership with the person specified. An affiliate relationship shall be presumed to exist if any person, directly or indirectly, owns or holds with the power to vote, or holds proxies representing collectively 10 percent or more of the voting securities of the person specified.\n\n2\n\n“Control” means the possession, directly or indirectly, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management and policies of a person or entity, whether (i) through the ownership of voting securities, (ii) by contract, other than a commercial contract for goods or nonmanagement services, (iii) by contract for goods or nonmanagement services where the volume of activity results in a reliance relationship, (iv) by common management, or (v) by any other means. Control shall be presumed to exist if a reporting entity and its affiliates directly or indirectly, own, control, hold with the power to vote, or hold proxies representing 10 percent or more of the voting interests of the entity.\n\n3\n\n“Material transaction” means a transaction, other than a claim payment or a premium payment, that (i) affects surplus or involves an exchange of assets or liabilities of the reciprocal, requires performance by or creates an obligation for the reciprocal, or results in transfer of the risks or rewards of ownership to or by the reciprocal and (ii) exceeds any minimum limits set forth in subsection A of this section. Any series of transactions affecting, involving, or impacting the reciprocal as described in clause (i) and occurring within a 12-month period that are sufficiently similar in nature as to be reasonably construed as a single transaction and that in the aggregate exceed any minimum limits set forth in subsection A of this section shall be deemed a material transaction.\n\n4\n\n“Related parties” means entities that have common interests as a result of ownership, control, or affiliation or by contract. The related parties of a domestic reciprocal include, but are not limited to: (i) an affiliate of the reciprocal; (ii) the attorney of the reciprocal; (iii) an affiliate of the attorney; (iv) any insurer or other reciprocal managed by the attorney of the reciprocal or by an affiliate of the attorney of the reciprocal; or (v) any other person who, directly or indirectly, by contract or otherwise, acts on behalf of, or at the direction of, the attorney of the reciprocal or any affiliate of the attorney of the reciprocal.\n\nE\n\nAny report or other information filed pursuant to this section shall not be open to public inspection and shall receive confidential treatment by the Commission consistent with the treatment described in § 38.2-1320.5.\n\nF\n\nA domestic reciprocal and its attorney shall annually file a related parties summary containing current information on:\n\n1\n\nThe capital structure, general financial condition, ownership, and management of the reciprocal, its attorney, and any person controlling the reciprocal;\n\n2\n\nThe identity of “related parties”;\n\n3\n\nThe following agreements in force, continuing relationships, and transactions currently outstanding between the reciprocal and any related party or among any two or more related parties:\n\t\t\t\ta. Loans, other investments or purchases, or sales or exchanges of securities of the reciprocal or a related party made by the reciprocal or by any one or more related party;\n\n\t\t\t\tb. Purchases, sales, or exchanges of assets;\n\n\t\t\t\tc. Transactions not in the ordinary course of business;\n\n\t\t\t\td. Guarantees or undertakings by the reciprocal for the benefit of a related party or by a related party for the benefit of the reciprocal that result in an actual contingent exposure of the reciprocal’s assets to liability, other than insurance contracts entered into in the ordinary course of the reciprocal’s business;\n\n\t\t\t\te. All management and service contracts and all cost-sharing arrangements;\n\n\t\t\t\tf. Reinsurance agreements or other risk-sharing arrangements; and\n\n\t\t\t\tg. Dividend and other distributions to any of the reciprocal’s related parties.\n\n\t\t\t\tUnless the Commission prescribes otherwise, information about transactions that are not material transactions as defined in subsection D shall not be deemed material for purposes of this subsection and need not be disclosed in the related parties summary required by this subsection.\n\nG\n\nA reciprocal shall file its initial related parties summary required by subsection F with the Commission on or before the later of (i) August 15, 2004, or (ii) 15 days after initial licensure as a reciprocal by the Commission. Thereafter, a licensed domestic reciprocal shall file a related parties summary on or before April 1 of each year reporting information as of December 31 of the previous year.\n\n","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":1344221,"text":"Prior written approval of the Commission shall be required for a material transaction between a domestic reciprocal and any of its related parties or between any two or more of the reciprocal’s related parties when the material transaction occurs on or after July 1, 2004, and involves more than three percent of the domestic reciprocal’s admitted assets as reported in its most recent statutory statement filed with the Commission. All other material transactions between any such parties involving more than 0.5 percent of the domestic reciprocal’s admitted assets as reported in its most recent statutory statement filed with the Commission shall be reported to the Commission within 15 days after the end of the month in which the transaction occurs. In addition, all transactions shall meet the following standards:","type":"section","prefixes":["A"],"prefix":"A","entire_prefix":"A","prefix_anchor":"A","level":1,"next_prefix":"A1"},"1":{"id":1344222,"text":"The terms shall be fair and equitable;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"A1","prefix_anchor":"A1","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A","next_prefix":"A2"},"2":{"id":1344223,"text":"Charges or fees for services performed shall be reasonable;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"A2","prefix_anchor":"A2","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A1","next_prefix":"A3"},"3":{"id":1344224,"text":"Expenses incurred and payments received shall be allocated to the reciprocal on an equitable basis in conformity with statutory insurance accounting practices consistently applied;","type":"section","prefixes":["A","3"],"prefix":"3","entire_prefix":"A3","prefix_anchor":"A3","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A2","next_prefix":"A4"},"4":{"id":1344225,"text":"The books, accounts, and records of each party shall disclose clearly and accurately the precise nature and details of the transaction; and","type":"section","prefixes":["A","4"],"prefix":"4","entire_prefix":"A4","prefix_anchor":"A4","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A3","next_prefix":"A5"},"5":{"id":1344226,"text":"The reciprocal’s surplus following any dividends or distribution to any of the reciprocal’s related parties shall be reasonable in relation to the reciprocal’s outstanding liabilities and adequate to its financial needs.","type":"section","prefixes":["A","5"],"prefix":"5","entire_prefix":"A5","prefix_anchor":"A5","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A4","next_prefix":"B"},"6":{"id":1344227,"text":"The Commission, in reviewing a material transaction under this section, shall consider whether the material transaction complies with the standards set forth in subsection A and also whether the transaction may adversely affect the interests of the subscribers or the solvency of the reciprocal.","type":"section","prefixes":["B"],"prefix":"B","entire_prefix":"B","prefix_anchor":"B","level":1,"prior_prefix":"A5","next_prefix":"C"},"7":{"id":1344228,"text":"Within 60 days after written notification of any transaction requiring approval pursuant to this section, the Commission shall notify the insurer of its approval or disapproval, and, in the event of disapproval, its reason thereof. Failure of the Commission to act within 60 days of notification by the insurer shall constitute approval of the transaction.","type":"section","prefixes":["C"],"prefix":"C","entire_prefix":"C","prefix_anchor":"C","level":1,"prior_prefix":"B","next_prefix":"D"},"8":{"id":1344229,"text":"For the purposes of this section:","type":"section","prefixes":["D"],"prefix":"D","entire_prefix":"D","prefix_anchor":"D","level":1,"prior_prefix":"C","next_prefix":"D1"},"9":{"id":1344230,"text":"“Affiliate” of a specific person means a person that directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, owns, is owned by, or is under common ownership with the person specified. An affiliate relationship shall be presumed to exist if any person, directly or indirectly, owns or holds with the power to vote, or holds proxies representing collectively 10 percent or more of the voting securities of the person specified.","type":"section","prefixes":["D","1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"D1","prefix_anchor":"D1","level":2,"prior_prefix":"D","next_prefix":"D2"},"10":{"id":1344231,"text":"“Control” means the possession, directly or indirectly, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management and policies of a person or entity, whether (i) through the ownership of voting securities, (ii) by contract, other than a commercial contract for goods or nonmanagement services, (iii) by contract for goods or nonmanagement services where the volume of activity results in a reliance relationship, (iv) by common management, or (v) by any other means. Control shall be presumed to exist if a reporting entity and its affiliates directly or indirectly, own, control, hold with the power to vote, or hold proxies representing 10 percent or more of the voting interests of the entity.","type":"section","prefixes":["D","2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"D2","prefix_anchor":"D2","level":2,"prior_prefix":"D1","next_prefix":"D3"},"11":{"id":1344232,"text":"“Material transaction” means a transaction, other than a claim payment or a premium payment, that (i) affects surplus or involves an exchange of assets or liabilities of the reciprocal, requires performance by or creates an obligation for the reciprocal, or results in transfer of the risks or rewards of ownership to or by the reciprocal and (ii) exceeds any minimum limits set forth in subsection A of this section. Any series of transactions affecting, involving, or impacting the reciprocal as described in clause (i) and occurring within a 12-month period that are sufficiently similar in nature as to be reasonably construed as a single transaction and that in the aggregate exceed any minimum limits set forth in subsection A of this section shall be deemed a material transaction.","type":"section","prefixes":["D","3"],"prefix":"3","entire_prefix":"D3","prefix_anchor":"D3","level":2,"prior_prefix":"D2","next_prefix":"D4"},"12":{"id":1344233,"text":"“Related parties” means entities that have common interests as a result of ownership, control, or affiliation or by contract. The related parties of a domestic reciprocal include, but are not limited to: (i) an affiliate of the reciprocal; (ii) the attorney of the reciprocal; (iii) an affiliate of the attorney; (iv) any insurer or other reciprocal managed by the attorney of the reciprocal or by an affiliate of the attorney of the reciprocal; or (v) any other person who, directly or indirectly, by contract or otherwise, acts on behalf of, or at the direction of, the attorney of the reciprocal or any affiliate of the attorney of the reciprocal.","type":"section","prefixes":["D","4"],"prefix":"4","entire_prefix":"D4","prefix_anchor":"D4","level":2,"prior_prefix":"D3","next_prefix":"E"},"13":{"id":1344234,"text":"Any report or other information filed pursuant to this section shall not be open to public inspection and shall receive confidential treatment by the Commission consistent with the treatment described in § 38.2-1320.5.","type":"section","prefixes":["E"],"prefix":"E","entire_prefix":"E","prefix_anchor":"E","level":1,"prior_prefix":"D4","next_prefix":"F"},"14":{"id":1344235,"text":"A domestic reciprocal and its attorney shall annually file a related parties summary containing current information on:","type":"section","prefixes":["F"],"prefix":"F","entire_prefix":"F","prefix_anchor":"F","level":1,"prior_prefix":"E","next_prefix":"F1"},"15":{"id":1344236,"text":"The capital structure, general financial condition, ownership, and management of the reciprocal, its attorney, and any person controlling the reciprocal;","type":"section","prefixes":["F","1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"F1","prefix_anchor":"F1","level":2,"prior_prefix":"F","next_prefix":"F2"},"16":{"id":1344237,"text":"The identity of “related parties”;","type":"section","prefixes":["F","2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"F2","prefix_anchor":"F2","level":2,"prior_prefix":"F1","next_prefix":"F3"},"17":{"id":1344238,"text":"The following agreements in force, continuing relationships, and transactions currently outstanding between the reciprocal and any related party or among any two or more related parties:\n\t\t\t\ta. Loans, other investments or purchases, or sales or exchanges of securities of the reciprocal or a related party made by the reciprocal or by any one or more related party;\t\t\t\tb. Purchases, sales, or exchanges of assets;\t\t\t\tc. Transactions not in the ordinary course of business;\t\t\t\td. Guarantees or undertakings by the reciprocal for the benefit of a related party or by a related party for the benefit of the reciprocal that result in an actual contingent exposure of the reciprocal’s assets to liability, other than insurance contracts entered into in the ordinary course of the reciprocal’s business;\t\t\t\te. All management and service contracts and all cost-sharing arrangements;\t\t\t\tf. Reinsurance agreements or other risk-sharing arrangements; and\t\t\t\tg. Dividend and other distributions to any of the reciprocal’s related parties.\t\t\t\tUnless the Commission prescribes otherwise, information about transactions that are not material transactions as defined in subsection D shall not be deemed material for purposes of this subsection and need not be disclosed in the related parties summary required by this subsection.","type":"section","prefixes":["F","3"],"prefix":"3","entire_prefix":"F3","prefix_anchor":"F3","level":2,"prior_prefix":"F2","next_prefix":"G"},"18":{"id":1344239,"text":"A reciprocal shall file its initial related parties summary required by subsection F with the Commission on or before the later of (i) August 15, 2004, or (ii) 15 days after initial licensure as a reciprocal by the Commission. Thereafter, a licensed domestic reciprocal shall file a related parties summary on or before April 1 of each year reporting information as of December 31 of the previous year.","type":"section","prefixes":["G"],"prefix":"G","entire_prefix":"G","prefix_anchor":"G","level":1,"prior_prefix":"F3"}},"ancestry":[{"id":51661,"edition_id":2,"name":"Domestic Reciprocals","identifier":"2","label":"article","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":51659,"metadata":{"child_laws":13,"child_structures":0},"date_created":"2026-08-02 02:45:50","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:33:00","permalink":{"id":1438295,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":51661,"identifier":"2","token":"38.2\/12\/2","url":"\/38.2\/12\/2\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":51659,"edition_id":2,"name":"Reciprocal Insurance","identifier":"12","label":"chapter","depth":2,"order_by":12,"parent_id":51644,"metadata":{"child_laws":32,"child_structures":2},"date_created":"2026-08-02 02:45:46","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:32:59","permalink":{"id":1438215,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":51659,"identifier":"12","token":"38.2\/12","url":"\/38.2\/12\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":51644,"edition_id":2,"name":"Insurance","identifier":"38.2","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":88,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{"child_laws":1890,"child_structures":173},"date_created":"2026-08-02 02:45:30","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:32:55","permalink":{"id":1437663,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":51644,"identifier":"38.2","token":"38.2","url":"\/38.2\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":361252,"structure_id":51661,"section_number":"38.2-1219","catch_line":"Organization of reciprocals; what declaration to contain","url":"\/38.2-1219\/","token":"38.2\/12\/2\/38.2-1219","metadata":false},{"id":361256,"structure_id":51661,"section_number":"38.2-1220","catch_line":"Attorney to file bond","url":"\/38.2-1220\/","token":"38.2\/12\/2\/38.2-1220","metadata":false},{"id":361257,"structure_id":51661,"section_number":"38.2-1221","catch_line":"Deposit instead of bond","url":"\/38.2-1221\/","token":"38.2\/12\/2\/38.2-1221","metadata":false},{"id":361258,"structure_id":51661,"section_number":"38.2-1222","catch_line":"Subscribers' advisory committee","url":"\/38.2-1222\/","token":"38.2\/12\/2\/38.2-1222","metadata":false},{"id":361259,"structure_id":51661,"section_number":"38.2-1223","catch_line":"Subscriber's agreement and power of attorney","url":"\/38.2-1223\/","token":"38.2\/12\/2\/38.2-1223","metadata":false},{"id":361260,"structure_id":51661,"section_number":"38.2-1224","catch_line":"Modification of power of attorney and subscriber's agreement","url":"\/38.2-1224\/","token":"38.2\/12\/2\/38.2-1224","metadata":{"court_decisions":""}},{"id":361261,"structure_id":51661,"section_number":"38.2-1225","catch_line":"Contributions","url":"\/38.2-1225\/","token":"38.2\/12\/2\/38.2-1225","metadata":{"court_decisions":""}},{"id":361262,"structure_id":51661,"section_number":"38.2-1226","catch_line":"Assessments","url":"\/38.2-1226\/","token":"38.2\/12\/2\/38.2-1226","metadata":{"court_decisions":""}},{"id":361263,"structure_id":51661,"section_number":"38.2-1227","catch_line":"Time limit for assessment","url":"\/38.2-1227\/","token":"38.2\/12\/2\/38.2-1227","metadata":false},{"id":361264,"structure_id":51661,"section_number":"38.2-1228","catch_line":"Subscribers' share in assets","url":"\/38.2-1228\/","token":"38.2\/12\/2\/38.2-1228","metadata":false},{"id":361265,"structure_id":51661,"section_number":"38.2-1229","catch_line":"Impaired reciprocals","url":"\/38.2-1229\/","token":"38.2\/12\/2\/38.2-1229","metadata":false},{"id":361267,"structure_id":51661,"section_number":"38.2-1230","catch_line":"Material transactions","url":"\/38.2-1230\/","token":"38.2\/12\/2\/38.2-1230","metadata":{"court_decisions":""}},{"id":361268,"structure_id":51661,"section_number":"38.2-1231","catch_line":"Attorney's financial statement","url":"\/38.2-1231\/","token":"38.2\/12\/2\/38.2-1231","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":361265,"structure_id":51661,"section_number":"38.2-1229","catch_line":"Impaired reciprocals","url":"\/38.2-1229\/","token":"38.2\/12\/2\/38.2-1229","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":361268,"structure_id":51661,"section_number":"38.2-1231","catch_line":"Attorney's financial statement","url":"\/38.2-1231\/","token":"38.2\/12\/2\/38.2-1231","metadata":false},"metadata":{"court_decisions":""},"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/38.2-1230\/","history_text":"

This law was first created in 1996. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 304<\/a> of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. It has been modified 1 time. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. That modification is as follows: in 2004, chapter 174<\/a>.<\/p>","references":false,"refers_to":[{"id":361315,"section_number":"38.2-1320.5","catch_line":"Confidentiality of ancillary information","order_by":null,"url":"\/38.2-1320.5\/"}],"permalink":{"id":1438341,"object_type":"law","relational_id":361267,"identifier":"38.2-1230","token":"38.2\/12\/2\/38.2-1230","url":"\/38.2-1230\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/38.2-1230\/","token":"38.2\/12\/2\/38.2-1230","dublin_core":{"Title":"Material transactions","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 38.2-1230","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

A.<\/span> Prior written approval of the Commission<\/span> shall be required for a material transaction<\/span> between a domestic reciprocal and any of its related parties<\/span> or between any two or more of the reciprocal’s related parties<\/span> when the material transaction<\/span> occurs on or after July 1, 2004, and involves more than three percent of the domestic reciprocal’s admitted assets<\/span> as reported in its most recent statutory statement filed with the Commission<\/span>. All other material transactions<\/span> between any such parties involving more than 0.5 percent of the domestic reciprocal’s admitted assets<\/span> as reported in its most recent statutory statement filed with the Commission<\/span> shall be reported to the Commission<\/span> within 15 days after the end of the month in which the transaction occurs. In addition, all transactions shall meet the following standards: <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> The terms shall be fair and equitable<\/span>; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> Charges or fees for services performed shall be reasonable; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

3.<\/span> Expenses incurred and payments received shall be allocated to the reciprocal on an equitable<\/span> basis in conformity with statutory insurance<\/span> accounting practices consistently applied; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

4.<\/span> The books, accounts, and records of each party<\/span> shall disclose clearly and accurately the precise nature and details of the transaction; and <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

5.<\/span> The reciprocal’s surplus following any dividends or distribution to any of the reciprocal’s related parties<\/span> shall be reasonable in relation to the reciprocal’s outstanding liabilities and adequate to its financial needs. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

B.<\/span> The Commission<\/span>, in reviewing a material transaction<\/span> under this section, shall consider whether the material transaction<\/span> complies with the standards set forth in subsection A and also whether the transaction may adversely affect the interests of the subscribers or the solvency of the reciprocal. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

C.<\/span> Within 60 days after written notification of any transaction requiring approval pursuant to this section, the Commission<\/span> shall notify the insurer<\/span> of its approval or disapproval, and, in the event of disapproval, its reason thereof. Failure of the Commission<\/span> to act within 60 days of notification by the insurer<\/span> shall constitute approval of the transaction. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

D.<\/span> For the purposes of this section: <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> “Affiliate<\/span>” of a specific person<\/span> means a person<\/span> that directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, owns, is owned by, or is under common ownership with the person<\/span> specified. An affiliate<\/span> relationship shall be presumed to exist if any person<\/span>, directly or indirectly, owns or holds with the power to vote, or holds proxies representing collectively 10 percent or more of the voting securities of the person<\/span> specified. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> “Control<\/span>” means the possession<\/span>, directly or indirectly, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management and policies of a person<\/span> or entity, whether (i) through the ownership of voting securities, (ii) by contract<\/span>, other than a commercial contract<\/span> for goods or nonmanagement services, (iii) by contract<\/span> for goods or nonmanagement services where the volume of activity results in a reliance relationship, (iv) by common management, or (v) by any other means. Control<\/span> shall be presumed to exist if a reporting entity and its affiliates<\/span> directly or indirectly, own, control<\/span>, hold with the power to vote, or hold proxies representing 10 percent or more of the voting interests of the entity. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

3.<\/span> “Material transaction<\/span>” means a transaction, other than a claim payment or a premium payment, that (i) affects surplus or involves an exchange of assets<\/span> or liabilities of the reciprocal, requires performance by or creates an obligation for the reciprocal, or results in transfer of the risks or rewards of ownership to or by the reciprocal and (ii) exceeds any minimum limits set forth in subsection A of this section. Any series of transactions affecting, involving, or impacting the reciprocal as described in clause (i) and occurring within a 12-month period that are sufficiently similar in nature as to be reasonably construed as a single transaction and that in the aggregate exceed any minimum limits set forth in subsection A of this section shall be deemed a material transaction<\/span>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

4.<\/span> “Related parties<\/span>” means entities that have common interests as a result of ownership, control<\/span>, or affiliation or by contract<\/span>. The related parties<\/span> of a domestic reciprocal include, but are not limited to: (i) an affiliate<\/span> of the reciprocal; (ii) the attorney of the reciprocal; (iii) an affiliate<\/span> of the attorney; (iv) any insurer<\/span> or other reciprocal managed by the attorney of the reciprocal or by an affiliate<\/span> of the attorney of the reciprocal; or (v) any other person<\/span> who, directly or indirectly, by contract<\/span> or otherwise, acts on behalf of, or at the direction of, the attorney of the reciprocal or any affiliate<\/span> of the attorney of the reciprocal. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

E.<\/span> Any report or other information filed pursuant to this section shall not be open to public inspection and shall receive confidential treatment by the Commission<\/span> consistent with the treatment described in § 38.2-1320.5<\/a>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

F.<\/span> A domestic reciprocal and its attorney shall annually file a related parties<\/span> summary containing current information on: <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> The capital structure, general financial condition, ownership, and management of the reciprocal, its attorney, and any person<\/span> controlling the reciprocal; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> The identity of “related parties<\/span>”; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

3.<\/span> The following agreements in force, continuing relationships, and transactions currently outstanding between the reciprocal and any related party<\/span> or among any two or more related parties<\/span>:\n\t\t\t\ta. Loans, other investments or purchases, or sales or exchanges of securities of the reciprocal or a related party<\/span> made by the reciprocal or by any one or more related party<\/span>;

\t\t\t\tb. Purchases, sales, or exchanges of assets<\/span>;

\t\t\t\tc. Transactions not in the ordinary course of business;

\t\t\t\td. Guarantees or undertakings by the reciprocal for the benefit of a related party<\/span> or by a related party<\/span> for the benefit of the reciprocal that result in an actual contingent exposure of the reciprocal’s assets<\/span> to liability, other than insurance contracts<\/span> entered into in the ordinary course of the reciprocal’s business;

\t\t\t\te. All management and service contracts and all cost-sharing arrangements;

\t\t\t\tf. Reinsurance agreements or other risk-sharing arrangements; and

\t\t\t\tg. Dividend and other distributions to any of the reciprocal’s related parties<\/span>.

\t\t\t\tUnless the Commission<\/span> prescribes otherwise, information about transactions that are not material transactions<\/span> as defined in subsection D shall not be deemed material for purposes of this subsection and need not be disclosed in the related parties<\/span> summary required by this subsection. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

G.<\/span> A reciprocal shall file its initial related parties<\/span> summary required by subsection F with the Commission<\/span> on or before the later of (i) August 15, 2004, or (ii) 15 days after initial licensure as a reciprocal by the Commission<\/span>. Thereafter, a licensed domestic reciprocal shall file a related parties<\/span> summary on or before April 1 of each year reporting information as of December 31 of the previous year. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nMATERIAL TRANSACTIONS (\u00a7 38.2-1230)\n\nA. Prior written approval of the Commission shall be required for a material\ntransaction between a domestic reciprocal and any of its related parties or\nbetween any two or more of the reciprocal’s related parties when the\nmaterial transaction occurs on or after July 1, 2004, and involves more than\nthree percent of the domestic reciprocal’s admitted assets as reported in\nits most recent statutory statement filed with the Commission. All other\nmaterial transactions between any such parties involving more than 0.5 percent\nof the domestic reciprocal’s admitted assets as reported in its most\nrecent statutory statement filed with the Commission shall be reported to the\nCommission within 15 days after the end of the month in which the transaction\noccurs. In addition, all transactions shall meet the following standards:\n\n 1. The terms shall be fair and equitable;\n\n 2. Charges or fees for services performed shall be reasonable;\n\n 3. Expenses incurred and payments received shall be allocated to the\n reciprocal on an equitable basis in conformity with statutory insurance\n accounting practices consistently applied;\n\n 4. The books, accounts, and records of each party shall disclose clearly and\n accurately the precise nature and details of the transaction; and\n\n 5. The reciprocal’s surplus following any dividends or distribution to\n any of the reciprocal’s related parties shall be reasonable in relation\n to the reciprocal’s outstanding liabilities and adequate to its\n financial needs.\n\nB. The Commission, in reviewing a material transaction under this section, shall\nconsider whether the material transaction complies with the standards set forth\nin subsection A and also whether the transaction may adversely affect the\ninterests of the subscribers or the solvency of the reciprocal.\n\nC. Within 60 days after written notification of any transaction requiring\napproval pursuant to this section, the Commission shall notify the insurer of\nits approval or disapproval, and, in the event of disapproval, its reason\nthereof. Failure of the Commission to act within 60 days of notification by the\ninsurer shall constitute approval of the transaction.\n\nD. For the purposes of this section:\n\n 1. “Affiliate” of a specific person means a person that directly\n or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, owns, is owned by, or is\n under common ownership with the person specified. An affiliate relationship\n shall be presumed to exist if any person, directly or indirectly, owns or\n holds with the power to vote, or holds proxies representing collectively 10\n percent or more of the voting securities of the person specified.\n\n 2. “Control” means the possession, directly or indirectly, of the\n power to direct or cause the direction of the management and policies of a\n person or entity, whether (i) through the ownership of voting securities, (ii)\n by contract, other than a commercial contract for goods or nonmanagement\n services, (iii) by contract for goods or nonmanagement services where the\n volume of activity results in a reliance relationship, (iv) by common\n management, or (v) by any other means. Control shall be presumed to exist if a\n reporting entity and its affiliates directly or indirectly, own, control, hold\n with the power to vote, or hold proxies representing 10 percent or more of the\n voting interests of the entity.\n\n 3. “Material transaction” means a transaction, other than a claim\n payment or a premium payment, that (i) affects surplus or involves an exchange\n of assets or liabilities of the reciprocal, requires performance by or creates\n an obligation for the reciprocal, or results in transfer of the risks or\n rewards of ownership to or by the reciprocal and (ii) exceeds any minimum\n limits set forth in subsection A of this section. Any series of transactions\n affecting, involving, or impacting the reciprocal as described in clause (i)\n and occurring within a 12-month period that are sufficiently similar in nature\n as to be reasonably construed as a single transaction and that in the\n aggregate exceed any minimum limits set forth in subsection A of this section\n shall be deemed a material transaction.\n\n 4. “Related parties” means entities that have common interests as\n a result of ownership, control, or affiliation or by contract. The related\n parties of a domestic reciprocal include, but are not limited to: (i) an\n affiliate of the reciprocal; (ii) the attorney of the reciprocal; (iii) an\n affiliate of the attorney; (iv) any insurer or other reciprocal managed by the\n attorney of the reciprocal or by an affiliate of the attorney of the\n reciprocal; or (v) any other person who, directly or indirectly, by contract\n or otherwise, acts on behalf of, or at the direction of, the attorney of the\n reciprocal or any affiliate of the attorney of the reciprocal.\n\nE. Any report or other information filed pursuant to this section shall not be\nopen to public inspection and shall receive confidential treatment by the\nCommission consistent with the treatment described in § 38.2-1320.5.\n\nF. A domestic reciprocal and its attorney shall annually file a related parties\nsummary containing current information on:\n\n 1. The capital structure, general financial condition, ownership, and\n management of the reciprocal, its attorney, and any person controlling the\n reciprocal;\n\n 2. The identity of “related parties”;\n\n 3. The following agreements in force, continuing relationships, and\n transactions currently outstanding between the reciprocal and any related\n party or among any two or more related parties:\n \t\t\t\ta. Loans, other investments or purchases, or sales or exchanges of\n securities of the reciprocal or a related party made by the reciprocal or by\n any one or more related party;\t\t\t\tb. Purchases, sales, or exchanges of\n assets;\t\t\t\tc. Transactions not in the ordinary course of business;\t\t\t\td.\n Guarantees or undertakings by the reciprocal for the benefit of a related\n party or by a related party for the benefit of the reciprocal that result in\n an actual contingent exposure of the reciprocal’s assets to liability,\n other than insurance contracts entered into in the ordinary course of the\n reciprocal’s business;\t\t\t\te. All management and service contracts and\n all cost-sharing arrangements;\t\t\t\tf. Reinsurance agreements or other\n risk-sharing arrangements; and\t\t\t\tg. Dividend and other distributions to any\n of the reciprocal’s related parties.\t\t\t\tUnless the Commission prescribes\n otherwise, information about transactions that are not material transactions\n as defined in subsection D shall not be deemed material for purposes of this\n subsection and need not be disclosed in the related parties summary required\n by this subsection.\n\nG. A reciprocal shall file its initial related parties summary required by\nsubsection F with the Commission on or before the later of (i) August 15, 2004,\nor (ii) 15 days after initial licensure as a reciprocal by the Commission.\nThereafter, a licensed domestic reciprocal shall file a related parties summary\non or before April 1 of each year reporting information as of December 31 of the\nprevious year.\n\nHISTORY: 1996, c. 304; 2004, c. 174.","edition":{"id":2,"name":"2026","slug":"2026","date_created":"2026-07-16 18:40:23","date_modified":"2026-08-02 15:14:36","current":1,"order_by":2,"last_import":"2026-08-02 12:37:30"}}