{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-json\/40.1-54.3.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-text\/40.1-54.3.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-xml\/40.1-54.3.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-html\/40.1-54.3.html"}],"law_id":363468,"edition_id":2,"section_id":363468,"structure_id":51866,"section_number":"40.1-54.3","catch_line":"Right to vote by secret ballot on labor organization representation","history":"2013, c. 484.","full_text":"A\n\nAs used in this section, “labor organization” means any organization of any kind, or any agency or employee representation committee or plan, in which employees participate and that exists for the purpose, in whole or in part, of dealing with employers concerning grievances, labor disputes, wages, rates of pay, hours of employment, or conditions of work.\n\nB\n\nIn any procedure providing for the designation, selection, or authorization of a labor organization to represent employees, the right of an individual employee to vote by secret ballot in such a procedure is a fundamental right that shall be guaranteed from infringement.\n\n","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":1354555,"text":"As used in this section, “labor organization” means any organization of any kind, or any agency or employee representation committee or plan, in which employees participate and that exists for the purpose, in whole or in part, of dealing with employers concerning grievances, labor disputes, wages, rates of pay, hours of employment, or conditions of work.","type":"section","prefixes":["A"],"prefix":"A","entire_prefix":"A","prefix_anchor":"A","level":1,"next_prefix":"B"},"1":{"id":1354556,"text":"In any procedure providing for the designation, selection, or authorization of a labor organization to represent employees, the right of an individual employee to vote by secret ballot in such a procedure is a fundamental right that shall be guaranteed from infringement.","type":"section","prefixes":["B"],"prefix":"B","entire_prefix":"B","prefix_anchor":"B","level":1,"prior_prefix":"A"}},"ancestry":[{"id":51866,"edition_id":2,"name":"In General","identifier":"1","label":"article","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":51865,"metadata":{"child_laws":6,"child_structures":0},"date_created":"2026-08-02 02:50:21","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:33:24","permalink":{"id":1447381,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":51866,"identifier":"1","token":"40.1\/4\/1","url":"\/40.1\/4\/1\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":51865,"edition_id":2,"name":"Labor Unions, Strikes, Etc","identifier":"4","label":"chapter","depth":2,"order_by":7,"parent_id":51843,"metadata":{"child_laws":32,"child_structures":6},"date_created":"2026-08-02 02:50:21","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:33:24","permalink":{"id":1447379,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":51865,"identifier":"4","token":"40.1\/4","url":"\/40.1\/4\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":51843,"edition_id":2,"name":"Labor and Employment","identifier":"40.1","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":89,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{"child_laws":237,"child_structures":28},"date_created":"2026-08-02 02:49:54","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:33:22","permalink":{"id":1446725,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":51843,"identifier":"40.1","token":"40.1","url":"\/40.1\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":363464,"structure_id":51866,"section_number":"40.1-52","catch_line":"Authority of labor unions to own, encumber and sell real estate","url":"\/40.1-52\/","token":"40.1\/4\/1\/40.1-52","metadata":false},{"id":363465,"structure_id":51866,"section_number":"40.1-53","catch_line":"Preventing persons from pursuing lawful vocations, etc.; illegal picketing; injunction","url":"\/40.1-53\/","token":"40.1\/4\/1\/40.1-53","metadata":false},{"id":363469,"structure_id":51866,"section_number":"40.1-54","catch_line":"Payment of certain charges by carriers or shippers to or for benefit of labor organization","url":"\/40.1-54\/","token":"40.1\/4\/1\/40.1-54","metadata":false},{"id":363466,"structure_id":51866,"section_number":"40.1-54.1","catch_line":"Public policy as to strikes and work stoppages at hospitals","url":"\/40.1-54.1\/","token":"40.1\/4\/1\/40.1-54.1","metadata":false},{"id":363467,"structure_id":51866,"section_number":"40.1-54.2","catch_line":"Strikes and work stoppages at hospitals prohibited; penalty","url":"\/40.1-54.2\/","token":"40.1\/4\/1\/40.1-54.2","metadata":false},{"id":363468,"structure_id":51866,"section_number":"40.1-54.3","catch_line":"Right to vote by secret ballot on labor organization representation","url":"\/40.1-54.3\/","token":"40.1\/4\/1\/40.1-54.3","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":363467,"structure_id":51866,"section_number":"40.1-54.2","catch_line":"Strikes and work stoppages at hospitals prohibited; penalty","url":"\/40.1-54.2\/","token":"40.1\/4\/1\/40.1-54.2","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/40.1-54.3\/","history_text":"

This law was first created in 2013. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 484<\/a> of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year.<\/p>","references":false,"refers_to":false,"permalink":{"id":1447403,"object_type":"law","relational_id":363468,"identifier":"40.1-54.3","token":"40.1\/4\/1\/40.1-54.3","url":"\/40.1-54.3\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/40.1-54.3\/","token":"40.1\/4\/1\/40.1-54.3","dublin_core":{"Title":"Right to vote by secret ballot on labor organization representation","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 40.1-54.3","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

A.<\/span> As used in this section, “labor organization<\/span>” means any organization of any kind, or any agency or employee<\/span> representation committee or plan, in which employees<\/span> participate and that exists for the purpose, in whole or in part, of dealing with employers<\/span> concerning grievances, labor disputes, wages, rates of pay, hours of employment, or conditions of work. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

B.<\/span> In any procedure providing for the designation, selection, or authorization of a labor organization<\/span> to represent employees<\/span>, the right of an individual employee<\/span> to vote by secret ballot in such a procedure is a fundamental right that shall be guaranteed from infringement. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nRIGHT TO VOTE BY SECRET BALLOT ON LABOR ORGANIZATION REPRESENTATION (\u00a7\n40.1-54.3)\n\nA. As used in this section, “labor organization” means any\norganization of any kind, or any agency or employee representation committee or\nplan, in which employees participate and that exists for the purpose, in whole\nor in part, of dealing with employers concerning grievances, labor disputes,\nwages, rates of pay, hours of employment, or conditions of work.\n\nB. In any procedure providing for the designation, selection, or authorization\nof a labor organization to represent employees, the right of an individual\nemployee to vote by secret ballot in such a procedure is a fundamental right\nthat shall be guaranteed from infringement.\n\nHISTORY: 2013, c. 484.","edition":{"id":2,"name":"2026","slug":"2026","date_created":"2026-07-16 18:40:23","date_modified":"2026-08-02 15:14:36","current":1,"order_by":2,"last_import":"2026-08-02 12:37:30"}}