{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-json\/40.1-57.3.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-text\/40.1-57.3.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-xml\/40.1-57.3.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-html\/40.1-57.3.html"}],"law_id":363474,"edition_id":2,"section_id":363474,"structure_id":51868,"section_number":"40.1-57.3","catch_line":"Certain activities permitted","history":"1993, cc. 868, 879; 2020, cc. 1209, 1276.","full_text":"Nothing in this article shall be construed to prevent employees of the Commonwealth, of its political subdivisions, or of any governmental agency of any of them from forming associations for the purpose of promoting their interests before the employing agency and, if they are employees of a county, city, or town or local school board that has, by a local ordinance or resolution as provided in \u00a7 40.1-57.2, authorized its employees to engage in collective bargaining, from doing so as provided in such ordinance or resolution.\n\n","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":1354569,"text":"Nothing in this article shall be construed to prevent employees of the Commonwealth, of its political subdivisions, or of any governmental agency of any of them from forming associations for the purpose of promoting their interests before the employing agency and, if they are employees of a county, city, or town or local school board that has, by a local ordinance or resolution as provided in \u00a7 40.1-57.2, authorized its employees to engage in collective bargaining, from doing so as provided in such ordinance or resolution.","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1}},"ancestry":[{"id":51868,"edition_id":2,"name":"Collective Bargaining for Governmental Employees","identifier":"2.1","label":"article","depth":3,"order_by":2,"parent_id":51865,"metadata":{"child_laws":2,"child_structures":0},"date_created":"2026-08-02 02:50:22","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:33:25","permalink":{"id":1447425,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":51868,"identifier":"2.1","token":"40.1\/4\/2.1","url":"\/40.1\/4\/2.1\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":51865,"edition_id":2,"name":"Labor Unions, Strikes, Etc","identifier":"4","label":"chapter","depth":2,"order_by":7,"parent_id":51843,"metadata":{"child_laws":32,"child_structures":6},"date_created":"2026-08-02 02:50:21","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:33:24","permalink":{"id":1447379,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":51865,"identifier":"4","token":"40.1\/4","url":"\/40.1\/4\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":51843,"edition_id":2,"name":"Labor and Employment","identifier":"40.1","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":89,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{"child_laws":237,"child_structures":28},"date_created":"2026-08-02 02:49:54","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:33:22","permalink":{"id":1446725,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":51843,"identifier":"40.1","token":"40.1","url":"\/40.1\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":363473,"structure_id":51868,"section_number":"40.1-57.2","catch_line":"Collective bargaining","url":"\/40.1-57.2\/","token":"40.1\/4\/2.1\/40.1-57.2","metadata":false},{"id":363474,"structure_id":51868,"section_number":"40.1-57.3","catch_line":"Certain activities permitted","url":"\/40.1-57.3\/","token":"40.1\/4\/2.1\/40.1-57.3","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":363473,"structure_id":51868,"section_number":"40.1-57.2","catch_line":"Collective bargaining","url":"\/40.1-57.2\/","token":"40.1\/4\/2.1\/40.1-57.2","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/40.1-57.3\/","history_text":"

This law was first created in 1993. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapters 868 and 879 of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. Unfortunately, the 1993 \u201cActs\u201d aren\u2019t available online. It has been modified 1 time. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. That modification is as follows: in 2020, chapters 1209<\/a> and 1276<\/a>.<\/p>","references":false,"refers_to":[{"id":363473,"section_number":"40.1-57.2","catch_line":"Collective bargaining","order_by":null,"url":"\/40.1-57.2\/"}],"permalink":{"id":1447431,"object_type":"law","relational_id":363474,"identifier":"40.1-57.3","token":"40.1\/4\/2.1\/40.1-57.3","url":"\/40.1-57.3\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/40.1-57.3\/","token":"40.1\/4\/2.1\/40.1-57.3","dublin_core":{"Title":"Certain activities permitted","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 40.1-57.3","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

Nothing in this article shall be construed to prevent employees<\/span> of the Commonwealth, of its political subdivisions, or of any governmental agency of any of them from forming associations for the purpose of promoting their interests before the employing agency and, if they are employees<\/span> of a county, city, or town or local school board<\/span> that has, by a local ordinance<\/span> or resolution as provided in \u00a7 40.1-57.2<\/a>, authorized its employees<\/span> to engage in collective bargaining, from doing so as provided in such ordinance<\/span> or resolution.<\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nCERTAIN ACTIVITIES PERMITTED (\u00a7 40.1-57.3)\n\nNothing in this article shall be construed to prevent employees of the\nCommonwealth, of its political subdivisions, or of any governmental agency of\nany of them from forming associations for the purpose of promoting their\ninterests before the employing agency and, if they are employees of a county,\ncity, or town or local school board that has, by a local ordinance or resolution\nas provided in \u00a7 40.1-57.2, authorized its employees to engage in collective\nbargaining, from doing so as provided in such ordinance or resolution.\n\nHISTORY: 1993, cc. 868, 879; 2020, cc. 1209, 1276.","edition":{"id":2,"name":"2026","slug":"2026","date_created":"2026-07-16 18:40:23","date_modified":"2026-08-02 15:14:36","current":1,"order_by":2,"last_import":"2026-08-02 12:37:30"}}