{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-json\/46.2-1077.1.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-text\/46.2-1077.1.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-xml\/46.2-1077.1.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-html\/46.2-1077.1.html"}],"law_id":364678,"edition_id":2,"section_id":364678,"structure_id":52062,"section_number":"46.2-1077.1","catch_line":"Mobile infrared transmitters; demerit points not to be awarded","history":"2004, c. 268; 2015, cc. 502, 503.","full_text":"A\n\nIt shall be unlawful for any person to operate a motor vehicle on the highways of the Commonwealth when such vehicle is equipped with a mobile infrared transmitter or any other device or mechanism, passive or active, used to preempt or change the signal given by a traffic light so as to give the right-of-way to the vehicle equipped with such device. It shall be unlawful to use any such device or mechanism on any such motor vehicle on the highways. It shall be unlawful to sell any such device or mechanism in the Commonwealth, except for uses permitted under this section. In addition, the provisions of this section shall not apply to any law-enforcement, firefighting, or emergency medical services vehicle responding to an emergency call or operating in an emergency situation or any vehicle providing public transportation service in a corridor approved for public transportation priority by the Virginia Department of Transportation or the governing body of any county, city, or town having control of the highways within its boundaries.\n\t\t\tThis section shall not be construed to authorize the forfeiture to the Commonwealth of any such device or mechanism. Any such device or mechanism may be taken by the arresting officer if needed as evidence, and, when no longer needed, shall be returned to the person charged with a violation of this section, or at that person’s request and his expense, mailed to an address specified by him. Any unclaimed devices may be destroyed on court order after six months have elapsed from the final date for filing an appeal.\n\n\t\t\tExcept as provided in subsection B, the presence of any such prohibited device or mechanism in or on a motor vehicle on the highways of the Commonwealth shall constitute prima facie evidence of the violation of this section. The Commonwealth need not prove that the device or mechanism in question was in an operative condition or being operated.\n\nB\n\nA person shall not be guilty of a violation of this section when the device or mechanism in question, at the time of the alleged offense, had no power source and was not readily accessible for use by the driver or any passenger in the vehicle.\n\nC\n\nNo demerit points shall be awarded by the Commissioner for violations of this section.\n\n","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":1358661,"text":"It shall be unlawful for any person to operate a motor vehicle on the highways of the Commonwealth when such vehicle is equipped with a mobile infrared transmitter or any other device or mechanism, passive or active, used to preempt or change the signal given by a traffic light so as to give the right-of-way to the vehicle equipped with such device. It shall be unlawful to use any such device or mechanism on any such motor vehicle on the highways. It shall be unlawful to sell any such device or mechanism in the Commonwealth, except for uses permitted under this section. In addition, the provisions of this section shall not apply to any law-enforcement, firefighting, or emergency medical services vehicle responding to an emergency call or operating in an emergency situation or any vehicle providing public transportation service in a corridor approved for public transportation priority by the Virginia Department of Transportation or the governing body of any county, city, or town having control of the highways within its boundaries.\n\t\t\tThis section shall not be construed to authorize the forfeiture to the Commonwealth of any such device or mechanism. Any such device or mechanism may be taken by the arresting officer if needed as evidence, and, when no longer needed, shall be returned to the person charged with a violation of this section, or at that person’s request and his expense, mailed to an address specified by him. Any unclaimed devices may be destroyed on court order after six months have elapsed from the final date for filing an appeal.\t\t\tExcept as provided in subsection B, the presence of any such prohibited device or mechanism in or on a motor vehicle on the highways of the Commonwealth shall constitute prima facie evidence of the violation of this section. The Commonwealth need not prove that the device or mechanism in question was in an operative condition or being operated.","type":"section","prefixes":["A"],"prefix":"A","entire_prefix":"A","prefix_anchor":"A","level":1,"next_prefix":"B"},"1":{"id":1358662,"text":"A person shall not be guilty of a violation of this section when the device or mechanism in question, at the time of the alleged offense, had no power source and was not readily accessible for use by the driver or any passenger in the vehicle.","type":"section","prefixes":["B"],"prefix":"B","entire_prefix":"B","prefix_anchor":"B","level":1,"prior_prefix":"A","next_prefix":"C"},"2":{"id":1358663,"text":"No demerit points shall be awarded by the Commissioner for violations of this section.","type":"section","prefixes":["C"],"prefix":"C","entire_prefix":"C","prefix_anchor":"C","level":1,"prior_prefix":"B"}},"ancestry":[{"id":52062,"edition_id":2,"name":"Miscellaneous Equipment","identifier":"10","label":"article","depth":4,"order_by":10,"parent_id":52052,"metadata":{"child_laws":28,"child_structures":0},"date_created":"2026-08-02 02:52:39","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:34:12","permalink":{"id":1455629,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":52062,"identifier":"10","token":"46.2\/III\/10\/10","url":"\/46.2\/III\/10\/10\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":52052,"edition_id":2,"name":"Motor Vehicle and Equipment Safety","identifier":"10","label":"chapter","depth":3,"order_by":2,"parent_id":52051,"metadata":{"child_laws":265,"child_structures":23},"date_created":"2026-08-02 02:52:29","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:34:11","permalink":{"id":1455601,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":52052,"identifier":"10","token":"46.2\/III\/10","url":"\/46.2\/III\/10\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":52051,"edition_id":2,"name":"Operation","identifier":"III","label":"subtitle","depth":2,"order_by":3,"parent_id":52048,"metadata":{"child_laws":589,"child_structures":55},"date_created":"2026-08-02 02:52:29","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:34:07","permalink":{"id":1455599,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":52051,"identifier":"III","token":"46.2\/III","url":"\/46.2\/III\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":52048,"edition_id":2,"name":"Motor Vehicles","identifier":"46.2","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":101,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{"child_laws":1830,"child_structures":157},"date_created":"2026-08-02 02:52:29","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:34:02","permalink":{"id":1452291,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":52048,"identifier":"46.2","token":"46.2","url":"\/46.2\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":364671,"structure_id":52062,"section_number":"46.2-1072","catch_line":"Operation of vehicle without serial or identification number; requirements for stamping, cutting, or embossing numbers; regulations","url":"\/46.2-1072\/","token":"46.2\/III\/10\/10\/46.2-1072","metadata":false},{"id":364670,"structure_id":52062,"section_number":"46.2-1072.1","catch_line":"Fees","url":"\/46.2-1072.1\/","token":"46.2\/III\/10\/10\/46.2-1072.1","metadata":false},{"id":364672,"structure_id":52062,"section_number":"46.2-1073","catch_line":"Engine or serial number illegible, removed, or obliterated","url":"\/46.2-1073\/","token":"46.2\/III\/10\/10\/46.2-1073","metadata":false},{"id":364673,"structure_id":52062,"section_number":"46.2-1074","catch_line":"Removing or altering serial or identification numbers, decals and devices without consent of Department","url":"\/46.2-1074\/","token":"46.2\/III\/10\/10\/46.2-1074","metadata":false},{"id":364675,"structure_id":52062,"section_number":"46.2-1075","catch_line":"Possession of vehicles with serial numbers removed or altered","url":"\/46.2-1075\/","token":"46.2\/III\/10\/10\/46.2-1075","metadata":false},{"id":364674,"structure_id":52062,"section_number":"46.2-1075.1","catch_line":"Tampering with gross vehicle weight ratings; penalty","url":"\/46.2-1075.1\/","token":"46.2\/III\/10\/10\/46.2-1075.1","metadata":false},{"id":364676,"structure_id":52062,"section_number":"46.2-1076","catch_line":"Lettering on certain vehicles","url":"\/46.2-1076\/","token":"46.2\/III\/10\/10\/46.2-1076","metadata":false},{"id":364679,"structure_id":52062,"section_number":"46.2-1077","catch_line":"Motor vehicles not to be equipped with television within view of driver; viewing motion pictures or similar displays while driving","url":"\/46.2-1077\/","token":"46.2\/III\/10\/10\/46.2-1077","metadata":false},{"id":364677,"structure_id":52062,"section_number":"46.2-1077.01","catch_line":"Display of certain visual material in motor vehicles prohibited; penalty","url":"\/46.2-1077.01\/","token":"46.2\/III\/10\/10\/46.2-1077.01","metadata":false},{"id":364678,"structure_id":52062,"section_number":"46.2-1077.1","catch_line":"Mobile infrared transmitters; demerit points not to be awarded","url":"\/46.2-1077.1\/","token":"46.2\/III\/10\/10\/46.2-1077.1","metadata":false},{"id":364681,"structure_id":52062,"section_number":"46.2-1078","catch_line":"Unlawful to operate motor vehicle, bicycle, electric personal assistive mobility device, electric power-assisted bicycle, or moped while using earphones","url":"\/46.2-1078\/","token":"46.2\/III\/10\/10\/46.2-1078","metadata":false},{"id":364680,"structure_id":52062,"section_number":"46.2-1078.1","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/46.2-1078.1\/","token":"46.2\/III\/10\/10\/46.2-1078.1","metadata":false},{"id":364682,"structure_id":52062,"section_number":"46.2-1079","catch_line":"Radar detectors; demerit points not to be awarded","url":"\/46.2-1079\/","token":"46.2\/III\/10\/10\/46.2-1079","metadata":false},{"id":364684,"structure_id":52062,"section_number":"46.2-1080","catch_line":"Speedometer in good working order","url":"\/46.2-1080\/","token":"46.2\/III\/10\/10\/46.2-1080","metadata":false},{"id":364685,"structure_id":52062,"section_number":"46.2-1081","catch_line":"Slow-moving vehicle emblems","url":"\/46.2-1081\/","token":"46.2\/III\/10\/10\/46.2-1081","metadata":false},{"id":364686,"structure_id":52062,"section_number":"46.2-1082","catch_line":"Mirrors","url":"\/46.2-1082\/","token":"46.2\/III\/10\/10\/46.2-1082","metadata":false},{"id":364687,"structure_id":52062,"section_number":"46.2-1083","catch_line":"Rear fenders, flaps, or guards required for certain motor vehicles","url":"\/46.2-1083\/","token":"46.2\/III\/10\/10\/46.2-1083","metadata":false},{"id":364688,"structure_id":52062,"section_number":"46.2-1084","catch_line":"Vehicle to have securely affixed seat for driver; location of such seat","url":"\/46.2-1084\/","token":"46.2\/III\/10\/10\/46.2-1084","metadata":false},{"id":364689,"structure_id":52062,"section_number":"46.2-1085","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/46.2-1085\/","token":"46.2\/III\/10\/10\/46.2-1085","metadata":false},{"id":364690,"structure_id":52062,"section_number":"46.2-1086","catch_line":"Devices for emission of smoke screens, gas projectors or flame throwers; prohibited","url":"\/46.2-1086\/","token":"46.2\/III\/10\/10\/46.2-1086","metadata":false},{"id":364691,"structure_id":52062,"section_number":"46.2-1087","catch_line":"Forfeiture of vehicles equipped with smoke projectors, etc","url":"\/46.2-1087\/","token":"46.2\/III\/10\/10\/46.2-1087","metadata":false},{"id":364698,"structure_id":52062,"section_number":"46.2-1088","catch_line":"Air conditioning units","url":"\/46.2-1088\/","token":"46.2\/III\/10\/10\/46.2-1088","metadata":false},{"id":364692,"structure_id":52062,"section_number":"46.2-1088.1","catch_line":"Hood scoops","url":"\/46.2-1088.1\/","token":"46.2\/III\/10\/10\/46.2-1088.1","metadata":false},{"id":364693,"structure_id":52062,"section_number":"46.2-1088.2","catch_line":"Warning devices required on certain vehicles","url":"\/46.2-1088.2\/","token":"46.2\/III\/10\/10\/46.2-1088.2","metadata":false},{"id":364694,"structure_id":52062,"section_number":"46.2-1088.3","catch_line":"Air bags; installation of other object in lieu of air bag prohibited; manufacture, sale, etc., of counterfeit or nonfunctional air bag prohibited; notice of installation of previously installed air bag required; penalties","url":"\/46.2-1088.3\/","token":"46.2\/III\/10\/10\/46.2-1088.3","metadata":false},{"id":364695,"structure_id":52062,"section_number":"46.2-1088.4","catch_line":"Devices used to supply nitrous oxide to the engines of motor vehicles","url":"\/46.2-1088.4\/","token":"46.2\/III\/10\/10\/46.2-1088.4","metadata":false},{"id":364696,"structure_id":52062,"section_number":"46.2-1088.5","catch_line":"Reflectors or reflectorized material required on rear end of certain trailers","url":"\/46.2-1088.5\/","token":"46.2\/III\/10\/10\/46.2-1088.5","metadata":false},{"id":364697,"structure_id":52062,"section_number":"46.2-1088.6","catch_line":"Motor vehicle recording devices","url":"\/46.2-1088.6\/","token":"46.2\/III\/10\/10\/46.2-1088.6","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":364677,"structure_id":52062,"section_number":"46.2-1077.01","catch_line":"Display of certain visual material in motor vehicles prohibited; penalty","url":"\/46.2-1077.01\/","token":"46.2\/III\/10\/10\/46.2-1077.01","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":364681,"structure_id":52062,"section_number":"46.2-1078","catch_line":"Unlawful to operate motor vehicle, bicycle, electric personal assistive mobility device, electric power-assisted bicycle, or moped while using earphones","url":"\/46.2-1078\/","token":"46.2\/III\/10\/10\/46.2-1078","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/46.2-1077.1\/","history_text":"

This law was first created in 2004. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 268<\/a> of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. It has been modified 1 time. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. That modification is as follows: in 2015, chapters 502<\/a> and 503<\/a>.<\/p>","references":false,"refers_to":false,"permalink":{"id":1455667,"object_type":"law","relational_id":364678,"identifier":"46.2-1077.1","token":"46.2\/III\/10\/10\/46.2-1077.1","url":"\/46.2-1077.1\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/46.2-1077.1\/","token":"46.2\/III\/10\/10\/46.2-1077.1","dublin_core":{"Title":"Mobile infrared transmitters; demerit points not to be awarded","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 46.2-1077.1","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

A.<\/span> It shall be unlawful for any person to operate a motor vehicle<\/span> on the highways<\/span> of the Commonwealth when such vehicle is equipped with a mobile infrared transmitter or any other device or mechanism, passive or active, used to preempt or change the signal given by a traffic light<\/span> so as to give the right-of-way to the vehicle equipped with such device. It shall be unlawful to use any such device or mechanism on any such motor vehicle<\/span> on the highways<\/span>. It shall be unlawful to sell any such device or mechanism in the Commonwealth, except for uses permitted under this section. In addition, the provisions of this section shall not apply to any law<\/span>-enforcement, firefighting, or emergency medical services vehicle responding to an emergency call or operating in an emergency situation or any vehicle providing public transportation service in a corridor approved for public transportation priority by the Virginia Department<\/span> of Transportation or the governing body<\/span> of any county, city, or town having control of the highways<\/span> within its boundaries.\n\t\t\tThis section shall not be construed to authorize the forfeiture to the Commonwealth of any such device or mechanism. Any such device or mechanism may be taken by the arresting officer if needed as evidence<\/span>, and, when no longer needed, shall be returned to the person charged with a violation of this section, or at that person’s request and his expense, mailed to an address specified by him. Any unclaimed devices may be destroyed on court order<\/span> after six months have elapsed from the final date for filing an appeal<\/span>.

\t\t\tExcept as provided in subsection B, the presence of any such prohibited device or mechanism in or on a motor vehicle<\/span> on the highways<\/span> of the Commonwealth shall constitute prima facie evidence<\/span> of the violation of this section. The Commonwealth need not prove that the device or mechanism in question was in an operative condition or being operated. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

B.<\/span> A person shall not be guilty of a violation of this section when the device or mechanism in question, at the time of the alleged offense<\/span>, had no power source and was not readily accessible for use by the driver<\/span> or any passenger in the vehicle. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

C.<\/span> No demerit points shall be awarded by the Commissioner<\/span> for violations of this section. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nMOBILE INFRARED TRANSMITTERS; DEMERIT POINTS NOT TO BE AWARDED (\u00a7 46.2-1077.1)\n\nA. It shall be unlawful for any person to operate a motor vehicle on the\nhighways of the Commonwealth when such vehicle is equipped with a mobile\ninfrared transmitter or any other device or mechanism, passive or active, used\nto preempt or change the signal given by a traffic light so as to give the\nright-of-way to the vehicle equipped with such device. It shall be unlawful to\nuse any such device or mechanism on any such motor vehicle on the highways. It\nshall be unlawful to sell any such device or mechanism in the Commonwealth,\nexcept for uses permitted under this section. In addition, the provisions of\nthis section shall not apply to any law-enforcement, firefighting, or emergency\nmedical services vehicle responding to an emergency call or operating in an\nemergency situation or any vehicle providing public transportation service in a\ncorridor approved for public transportation priority by the Virginia Department\nof Transportation or the governing body of any county, city, or town having\ncontrol of the highways within its boundaries.\n\t\t\tThis section shall not be construed to authorize the forfeiture to the\nCommonwealth of any such device or mechanism. Any such device or mechanism may\nbe taken by the arresting officer if needed as evidence, and, when no longer\nneeded, shall be returned to the person charged with a violation of this\nsection, or at that person’s request and his expense, mailed to an address\nspecified by him. Any unclaimed devices may be destroyed on court order after\nsix months have elapsed from the final date for filing an appeal.\t\t\tExcept as\nprovided in subsection B, the presence of any such prohibited device or\nmechanism in or on a motor vehicle on the highways of the Commonwealth shall\nconstitute prima facie evidence of the violation of this section. The\nCommonwealth need not prove that the device or mechanism in question was in an\noperative condition or being operated.\n\nB. A person shall not be guilty of a violation of this section when the device\nor mechanism in question, at the time of the alleged offense, had no power\nsource and was not readily accessible for use by the driver or any passenger in\nthe vehicle.\n\nC. No demerit points shall be awarded by the Commissioner for violations of this\nsection.\n\nHISTORY: 2004, c. 268; 2015, cc. 502, 503.","edition":{"id":2,"name":"2026","slug":"2026","date_created":"2026-07-16 18:40:23","date_modified":"2026-08-02 15:14:36","current":1,"order_by":2,"last_import":"2026-08-02 12:37:30"}}