{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-json\/46.2-908.1_1.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-text\/46.2-908.1_1.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-xml\/46.2-908.1_1.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-html\/46.2-908.1_1.html"}],"law_id":366351,"edition_id":2,"section_id":366351,"structure_id":52197,"section_number":"46.2-908.1:1","catch_line":"Personal delivery devices","history":"2017, cc. 251, 788; 2020, c. 1269.","full_text":"A\n\nA personal delivery device is authorized to operate on any sidewalk or crosswalk located in any county, city, or town in the Commonwealth. If a sidewalk or crosswalk is not accessible or available, a personal delivery device is authorized to operate on the side of any roadway in the Commonwealth, provided that the roadway has a speed limit of 25 miles per hour or less and the personal delivery device does not unreasonably interfere with motor vehicles or traffic. A locality may not prohibit the use of a personal delivery device on a roadway under its jurisdiction as set forth in this subsection, but may by ordinance adopt additional requirements designed to maintain safety for such roadway operation. The Commonwealth Transportation Board may not prohibit the use of a personal delivery device on a roadway under its jurisdiction as set forth in this subsection but may by regulation adopt additional requirements designed to maintain safety for such roadway operation.\n\nB\n\nA personal delivery device shall:\n\n1\n\nNot block any public rights-of-way;\n\n2\n\nObey all traffic and pedestrian control devices and signs;\n\n3\n\nOperate at a speed that does not exceed 10 miles per hour on sidewalks and crosswalks;\n\n4\n\nInclude a unique identifying device number;\n\n5\n\nInclude a means of identifying the personal delivery device operator that is in a position and of such a size to be clearly visible; and\n\n6\n\nBe equipped with a braking system that, when active or engaged, will enable such personal delivery device to come to a controlled stop.\n\nC\n\nAny personal delivery device transporting hazardous materials shall comply with the federal Hazardous Materials Transportation Act (49 U.S.C. § 5101 et seq.) and any corresponding federal regulations. For purposes of this section, hazardous materials include ammunition.\n\nD\n\nSubject to the requirements of this section, a personal delivery device operating on a sidewalk or crosswalk shall have all the rights and responsibilities applicable to a pedestrian under the same circumstance.\n\nE\n\nA personal delivery device operator shall maintain insurance that provides general liability coverage of at least $100,000 for damages arising from the combined operations of personal delivery devices under a personal delivery device operator’s control.\n\nF\n\nAny entity or person who uses a personal delivery device to engage in criminal activity is criminally liable for such activity.\n\n","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":1364354,"text":"A personal delivery device is authorized to operate on any sidewalk or crosswalk located in any county, city, or town in the Commonwealth. If a sidewalk or crosswalk is not accessible or available, a personal delivery device is authorized to operate on the side of any roadway in the Commonwealth, provided that the roadway has a speed limit of 25 miles per hour or less and the personal delivery device does not unreasonably interfere with motor vehicles or traffic. A locality may not prohibit the use of a personal delivery device on a roadway under its jurisdiction as set forth in this subsection, but may by ordinance adopt additional requirements designed to maintain safety for such roadway operation. The Commonwealth Transportation Board may not prohibit the use of a personal delivery device on a roadway under its jurisdiction as set forth in this subsection but may by regulation adopt additional requirements designed to maintain safety for such roadway operation.","type":"section","prefixes":["A"],"prefix":"A","entire_prefix":"A","prefix_anchor":"A","level":1,"next_prefix":"B"},"1":{"id":1364355,"text":"A personal delivery device shall:","type":"section","prefixes":["B"],"prefix":"B","entire_prefix":"B","prefix_anchor":"B","level":1,"prior_prefix":"A","next_prefix":"B1"},"2":{"id":1364356,"text":"Not block any public rights-of-way;","type":"section","prefixes":["B","1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"B1","prefix_anchor":"B1","level":2,"prior_prefix":"B","next_prefix":"B2"},"3":{"id":1364357,"text":"Obey all traffic and pedestrian control devices and signs;","type":"section","prefixes":["B","2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"B2","prefix_anchor":"B2","level":2,"prior_prefix":"B1","next_prefix":"B3"},"4":{"id":1364358,"text":"Operate at a speed that does not exceed 10 miles per hour on sidewalks and crosswalks;","type":"section","prefixes":["B","3"],"prefix":"3","entire_prefix":"B3","prefix_anchor":"B3","level":2,"prior_prefix":"B2","next_prefix":"B4"},"5":{"id":1364359,"text":"Include a unique identifying device number;","type":"section","prefixes":["B","4"],"prefix":"4","entire_prefix":"B4","prefix_anchor":"B4","level":2,"prior_prefix":"B3","next_prefix":"B5"},"6":{"id":1364360,"text":"Include a means of identifying the personal delivery device operator that is in a position and of such a size to be clearly visible; and","type":"section","prefixes":["B","5"],"prefix":"5","entire_prefix":"B5","prefix_anchor":"B5","level":2,"prior_prefix":"B4","next_prefix":"B6"},"7":{"id":1364361,"text":"Be equipped with a braking system that, when active or engaged, will enable such personal delivery device to come to a controlled stop.","type":"section","prefixes":["B","6"],"prefix":"6","entire_prefix":"B6","prefix_anchor":"B6","level":2,"prior_prefix":"B5","next_prefix":"C"},"8":{"id":1364362,"text":"Any personal delivery device transporting hazardous materials shall comply with the federal Hazardous Materials Transportation Act (49 U.S.C. § 5101 et seq.) and any corresponding federal regulations. For purposes of this section, hazardous materials include ammunition.","type":"section","prefixes":["C"],"prefix":"C","entire_prefix":"C","prefix_anchor":"C","level":1,"prior_prefix":"B6","next_prefix":"D"},"9":{"id":1364363,"text":"Subject to the requirements of this section, a personal delivery device operating on a sidewalk or crosswalk shall have all the rights and responsibilities applicable to a pedestrian under the same circumstance.","type":"section","prefixes":["D"],"prefix":"D","entire_prefix":"D","prefix_anchor":"D","level":1,"prior_prefix":"C","next_prefix":"E"},"10":{"id":1364364,"text":"A personal delivery device operator shall maintain insurance that provides general liability coverage of at least $100,000 for damages arising from the combined operations of personal delivery devices under a personal delivery device operator’s control.","type":"section","prefixes":["E"],"prefix":"E","entire_prefix":"E","prefix_anchor":"E","level":1,"prior_prefix":"D","next_prefix":"F"},"11":{"id":1364365,"text":"Any entity or person who uses a personal delivery device to engage in criminal activity is criminally liable for such activity.","type":"section","prefixes":["F"],"prefix":"F","entire_prefix":"F","prefix_anchor":"F","level":1,"prior_prefix":"E"}},"ancestry":[{"id":52197,"edition_id":2,"name":"Bicycles","identifier":"12","label":"article","depth":4,"order_by":13,"parent_id":52184,"metadata":{"child_laws":10,"child_structures":0},"date_created":"2026-08-02 02:55:55","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:34:09","permalink":{"id":1457437,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":52197,"identifier":"12","token":"46.2\/III\/8\/12","url":"\/46.2\/III\/8\/12\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":52184,"edition_id":2,"name":"Regulation of Traffic","identifier":"8","label":"chapter","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":52051,"metadata":{"child_laws":208,"child_structures":21},"date_created":"2026-08-02 02:55:38","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:34:08","permalink":{"id":1457191,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":52184,"identifier":"8","token":"46.2\/III\/8","url":"\/46.2\/III\/8\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":52051,"edition_id":2,"name":"Operation","identifier":"III","label":"subtitle","depth":2,"order_by":3,"parent_id":52048,"metadata":{"child_laws":589,"child_structures":55},"date_created":"2026-08-02 02:52:29","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:34:07","permalink":{"id":1455599,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":52051,"identifier":"III","token":"46.2\/III","url":"\/46.2\/III\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":52048,"edition_id":2,"name":"Motor Vehicles","identifier":"46.2","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":101,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{"child_laws":1830,"child_structures":157},"date_created":"2026-08-02 02:52:29","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:34:02","permalink":{"id":1452291,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":52048,"identifier":"46.2","token":"46.2","url":"\/46.2\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":366343,"structure_id":52197,"section_number":"46.2-903","catch_line":"Riding or driving vehicles on sidewalks; exceptions","url":"\/46.2-903\/","token":"46.2\/III\/8\/12\/46.2-903","metadata":false},{"id":366345,"structure_id":52197,"section_number":"46.2-904","catch_line":"Use of roller skates and skateboards on sidewalks and shared-use paths; operation of bicycles and certain motorized and electric items and devices on sidewalks, crosswalks, and shared-use paths; local ordinances","url":"\/46.2-904\/","token":"46.2\/III\/8\/12\/46.2-904","metadata":false},{"id":366344,"structure_id":52197,"section_number":"46.2-904.1","catch_line":"Electric power-assisted bicycles","url":"\/46.2-904.1\/","token":"46.2\/III\/8\/12\/46.2-904.1","metadata":false},{"id":366346,"structure_id":52197,"section_number":"46.2-905","catch_line":"Riding bicycles, electric personal assistive mobility devices, electric power-assisted bicycles, motorized skateboards or scooters, and mopeds on roadways and bicycle paths","url":"\/46.2-905\/","token":"46.2\/III\/8\/12\/46.2-905","metadata":false},{"id":366348,"structure_id":52197,"section_number":"46.2-906","catch_line":"Carrying articles or passengers on bicycles, electric personal assistive mobility devices, electric power-assisted bicycles, and mopeds","url":"\/46.2-906\/","token":"46.2\/III\/8\/12\/46.2-906","metadata":false},{"id":366347,"structure_id":52197,"section_number":"46.2-906.1","catch_line":"Local ordinances may require riders of bicycles, electric personal assistive mobility devices, and electric power-assisted bicycles to wear helmets","url":"\/46.2-906.1\/","token":"46.2\/III\/8\/12\/46.2-906.1","metadata":false},{"id":366349,"structure_id":52197,"section_number":"46.2-907","catch_line":"Overtaking and passing vehicles","url":"\/46.2-907\/","token":"46.2\/III\/8\/12\/46.2-907","metadata":false},{"id":366354,"structure_id":52197,"section_number":"46.2-908","catch_line":"Registration of bicycle, electric personal assistive mobility device, electric personal delivery device, and electric power-assisted bicycle serial numbers","url":"\/46.2-908\/","token":"46.2\/III\/8\/12\/46.2-908","metadata":false},{"id":366350,"structure_id":52197,"section_number":"46.2-908.1","catch_line":"Electric personal assistive mobility devices, electrically powered toy vehicles, electric power-assisted bicycles, and motorized skateboards or scooters","url":"\/46.2-908.1\/","token":"46.2\/III\/8\/12\/46.2-908.1","metadata":false},{"id":366351,"structure_id":52197,"section_number":"46.2-908.1:1","catch_line":"Personal delivery devices","url":"\/46.2-908.1_1\/","token":"46.2\/III\/8\/12\/46.2-908.1_1","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":366350,"structure_id":52197,"section_number":"46.2-908.1","catch_line":"Electric personal assistive mobility devices, electrically powered toy vehicles, electric power-assisted bicycles, and motorized skateboards or scooters","url":"\/46.2-908.1\/","token":"46.2\/III\/8\/12\/46.2-908.1","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/46.2-908.1:1\/","history_text":"

This law was first created in 2017. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapters 251<\/a> and 788<\/a> of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. It has been modified 1 time. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. That modification is as follows: in 2020, chapter 1269<\/a>.<\/p>","references":false,"refers_to":false,"permalink":{"id":1457475,"object_type":"law","relational_id":366351,"identifier":"46.2-908.1:1","token":"46.2\/III\/8\/12\/46.2-908.1_1","url":"\/46.2-908.1_1\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/46.2-908.1_1\/","token":"46.2\/III\/8\/12\/46.2-908.1_1","dublin_core":{"Title":"Personal delivery devices","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 46.2-908.1:1","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

A.<\/span> A personal delivery device<\/span> is authorized to operate on any sidewalk<\/span> or crosswalk<\/span> located in any county, city, or town in the Commonwealth. If a sidewalk<\/span> or crosswalk<\/span> is not accessible or available, a personal delivery device<\/span> is authorized to operate on the side of any roadway<\/span> in the Commonwealth, provided that the roadway<\/span> has a speed limit of 25 miles per hour or less and the personal delivery device<\/span> does not unreasonably interfere with motor vehicles<\/span> or traffic. A locality may not prohibit the use of a personal delivery device<\/span> on a roadway<\/span> under its jurisdiction<\/span> as set forth in this subsection, but may by ordinance<\/span> adopt additional requirements designed to maintain safety for such roadway<\/span> operation. The Commonwealth Transportation Board may not prohibit the use of a personal delivery device<\/span> on a roadway<\/span> under its jurisdiction<\/span> as set forth in this subsection but may by regulation adopt additional requirements designed to maintain safety for such roadway<\/span> operation. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

B.<\/span> A personal delivery device<\/span> shall: <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> Not block any public rights-of-way; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> Obey all traffic and pedestrian control devices and signs; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

3.<\/span> Operate at a speed that does not exceed 10 miles per hour on sidewalks<\/span> and crosswalks<\/span>; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

4.<\/span> Include a unique identifying device number; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

5.<\/span> Include a means of identifying the personal delivery device operator<\/span> that is in a position and of such a size to be clearly visible; and <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

6.<\/span> Be equipped with a braking system that, when active or engaged, will enable such personal delivery device<\/span> to come to a controlled stop. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

C.<\/span> Any personal delivery device<\/span> transporting hazardous materials<\/span> shall comply with the federal Hazardous Materials<\/span> Transportation Act (49 U.S.C. § 5101 et seq.) and any corresponding federal regulations. For purposes of this section, hazardous materials<\/span> include ammunition. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

D.<\/span> Subject to the requirements of this section, a personal delivery device<\/span> operating on a sidewalk<\/span> or crosswalk<\/span> shall have all the rights and responsibilities applicable to a pedestrian under the same circumstance. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

E.<\/span> A personal delivery device operator<\/span> shall maintain insurance that provides general liability coverage of at least $100,000 for damages<\/span> arising from the combined operations of personal delivery devices<\/span> under a personal delivery device operator<\/span>’s control. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

F.<\/span> Any entity or person who uses a personal delivery device<\/span> to engage in criminal activity is criminally liable for such activity. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nPERSONAL DELIVERY DEVICES (\u00a7 46.2-908.1:1)\n\nA. A personal delivery device is authorized to operate on any sidewalk or\ncrosswalk located in any county, city, or town in the Commonwealth. If a\nsidewalk or crosswalk is not accessible or available, a personal delivery device\nis authorized to operate on the side of any roadway in the Commonwealth,\nprovided that the roadway has a speed limit of 25 miles per hour or less and the\npersonal delivery device does not unreasonably interfere with motor vehicles or\ntraffic. A locality may not prohibit the use of a personal delivery device on a\nroadway under its jurisdiction as set forth in this subsection, but may by\nordinance adopt additional requirements designed to maintain safety for such\nroadway operation. The Commonwealth Transportation Board may not prohibit the\nuse of a personal delivery device on a roadway under its jurisdiction as set\nforth in this subsection but may by regulation adopt additional requirements\ndesigned to maintain safety for such roadway operation.\n\nB. A personal delivery device shall:\n\n 1. Not block any public rights-of-way;\n\n 2. Obey all traffic and pedestrian control devices and signs;\n\n 3. Operate at a speed that does not exceed 10 miles per hour on sidewalks and\n crosswalks;\n\n 4. Include a unique identifying device number;\n\n 5. Include a means of identifying the personal delivery device operator that\n is in a position and of such a size to be clearly visible; and\n\n 6. Be equipped with a braking system that, when active or engaged, will enable\n such personal delivery device to come to a controlled stop.\n\nC. Any personal delivery device transporting hazardous materials shall comply\nwith the federal Hazardous Materials Transportation Act (49 U.S.C. § 5101\net seq.) and any corresponding federal regulations. For purposes of this\nsection, hazardous materials include ammunition.\n\nD. Subject to the requirements of this section, a personal delivery device\noperating on a sidewalk or crosswalk shall have all the rights and\nresponsibilities applicable to a pedestrian under the same circumstance.\n\nE. A personal delivery device operator shall maintain insurance that provides\ngeneral liability coverage of at least $100,000 for damages arising from the\ncombined operations of personal delivery devices under a personal delivery\ndevice operator’s control.\n\nF. Any entity or person who uses a personal delivery device to engage in\ncriminal activity is criminally liable for such activity.\n\nHISTORY: 2017, cc. 251, 788; 2020, c. 1269.","edition":{"id":2,"name":"2026","slug":"2026","date_created":"2026-07-16 18:40:23","date_modified":"2026-08-02 15:14:36","current":1,"order_by":2,"last_import":"2026-08-02 12:37:30"}}