{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-json\/5.1-21.1.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-text\/5.1-21.1.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-xml\/5.1-21.1.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-html\/5.1-21.1.html"}],"law_id":366617,"edition_id":2,"section_id":366617,"structure_id":52232,"section_number":"5.1-21.1","catch_line":"Powers of conservators of the peace conferred upon airport managers or designees","history":"1970, c. 717; 1979, c. 272; 1991, c. 339.","full_text":"The airport manager of any licensed Virginia airport or in his absence not more than two employees who are designated by him shall be special policemen and have all the powers of conservators of the peace in the enforcement of this title and its regulations as promulgated by the Board. Persons arrested by them shall be placed in confinement or delivered to the custody of some other conservator of the peace or police officer.\n\n","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":1364981,"text":"The airport manager of any licensed Virginia airport or in his absence not more than two employees who are designated by him shall be special policemen and have all the powers of conservators of the peace in the enforcement of this title and its regulations as promulgated by the Board. Persons arrested by them shall be placed in confinement or delivered to the custody of some other conservator of the peace or police officer.","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1}},"ancestry":[{"id":52232,"edition_id":2,"name":"Illegal Operation, Etc.; Procedure; Penalties","identifier":"2","label":"article","depth":3,"order_by":2,"parent_id":52222,"metadata":{"child_laws":14,"child_structures":0},"date_created":"2026-08-02 02:56:20","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:27:50","permalink":{"id":1460547,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":52232,"identifier":"2","token":"5.1\/1\/2","url":"\/5.1\/1\/2\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":52222,"edition_id":2,"name":"Aircraft, Airmen and Airports Generally","identifier":"1","label":"chapter","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":52221,"metadata":{"child_laws":78,"child_structures":3},"date_created":"2026-08-02 02:56:16","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:27:49","permalink":{"id":1460303,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":52222,"identifier":"1","token":"5.1\/1","url":"\/5.1\/1\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":52221,"edition_id":2,"name":"Aviation","identifier":"5.1","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":9,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{"child_laws":218,"child_structures":28},"date_created":"2026-08-02 02:56:16","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:27:49","permalink":{"id":1460301,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":52221,"identifier":"5.1","token":"5.1","url":"\/5.1\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":366530,"structure_id":52232,"section_number":"5.1-13","catch_line":"Operation of aircraft while under influence of intoxicating liquors or drugs; reckless operation","url":"\/5.1-13\/","token":"5.1\/1\/2\/5.1-13","metadata":false},{"id":366541,"structure_id":52232,"section_number":"5.1-14","catch_line":"Operation of unregistered aircraft","url":"\/5.1-14\/","token":"5.1\/1\/2\/5.1-14","metadata":false},{"id":366552,"structure_id":52232,"section_number":"5.1-15","catch_line":"Operation of aircraft by unlicensed persons","url":"\/5.1-15\/","token":"5.1\/1\/2\/5.1-15","metadata":{"court_decisions":{"0":{"name":"Surface, Adm'x v. Johnson, Adm'x","case_number":"Record 740507","citation":"215 Va. 777","date":"1975-04-28","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/1227775\/surface-admx-v-johnson-admx\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. Harman, J., .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"<abbr title=\"Supreme Court of Virginia\">SCV<\/abbr>"},"1":{"name":"Haley v. Virginia State Bar","case_number":"220113","citation":null,"date":"2022-08-11","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/7855894\/haley-v-virginia-state-bar\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. PRESENT: Goodwyn, C.J., Powell, Kelsey, McCullough, and Chafin, JJ., and Lemons and .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"<abbr title=\"Supreme Court of Virginia\">SCV<\/abbr>"},"2":{"name":"Haley v. Virginia State Bar","case_number":"220113","citation":null,"date":"2022-08-11","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/7857723\/haley-v-virginia-state-bar\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. PRESENT: Goodwyn, C.J., Powell, Kelsey, McCullough, and Chafin, JJ., and Lemons and .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"<abbr title=\"Supreme Court of Virginia\">SCV<\/abbr>"},"3":{"name":"Gadsby v. Grasmick","case_number":"No. 96-1292","citation":"109 F.3d 940","date":"1997-03-21","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/7042213\/gadsby-v-grasmick\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. Vacated and remanded by published opinion. Judge HAMILTON wrote the opinion, in which Judge WILLIAMS .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit"},"4":{"name":"Gadsby v. Grasmick","case_number":"96-1292","citation":"109 F.3d 940","date":"1997-03-21","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/738514\/gadsby-v-grasmick\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. 109 F.3d 940 .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit"},"5":{"name":"Green v. STATE BAR EX REL. SEVENTH DIST.","case_number":"Record 070515.; Record 070731.","citation":"652 S.E.2d 118","date":"2007-11-02","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/1058577\/green-v-state-bar-ex-rel-seventh-dist\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. 652 S.E.2d 118 (2007) .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"<abbr title=\"Supreme Court of Virginia\">SCV<\/abbr>"},"6":{"name":" .\u202f.\u202f. A.B., a Minor, by His Parent and Next Friend, D.B. D.B. v. .\u202f.\u202f. ","case_number":"03-1046","citation":"354 F.3d 315","date":"2004-01-06","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/784649\/ab-a-minor-by-his-parent-and-next-friend-db-db-v-kenneth-p\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. 354 F.3d 315 .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit"},"7":{"name":"A.B. Ex Rel. D.B. v. Lawson","case_number":"03-1046","citation":"354 F.3d 315","date":"2004-01-06","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/2967876\/ab-ex-rel-db-v-lawson\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. Reversed and remanded by published opinion. Judge GREGORY wrote the opinion, in which Judge .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit"},"8":{"name":"Catawba Indian Tribe of South Carolina v. State of S.C.","case_number":"90-2446","citation":"978 F.2d 1334","date":"1992-09-22","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/594399\/catawba-indian-tribe-of-south-carolina-v-state-of-sc\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. 978 F.2d 1334 .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit"}}}},{"id":366564,"structure_id":52232,"section_number":"5.1-16","catch_line":"Tampering with, etc., airplanes or markings of airports, landing fields or other aeronautical facilities","url":"\/5.1-16\/","token":"5.1\/1\/2\/5.1-16","metadata":false},{"id":366563,"structure_id":52232,"section_number":"5.1-16.1","catch_line":"Misuse of licensed airports","url":"\/5.1-16.1\/","token":"5.1\/1\/2\/5.1-16.1","metadata":false},{"id":366575,"structure_id":52232,"section_number":"5.1-17","catch_line":"Use of aircraft for hunting","url":"\/5.1-17\/","token":"5.1\/1\/2\/5.1-17","metadata":false},{"id":366585,"structure_id":52232,"section_number":"5.1-18","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/5.1-18\/","token":"5.1\/1\/2\/5.1-18","metadata":false},{"id":366616,"structure_id":52232,"section_number":"5.1-20","catch_line":"Pilot may restrain or arrest person interfering with operation of aircraft carrying passengers for hire","url":"\/5.1-20\/","token":"5.1\/1\/2\/5.1-20","metadata":false},{"id":366618,"structure_id":52232,"section_number":"5.1-21","catch_line":"Powers of conservator of the peace conferred upon pilot","url":"\/5.1-21\/","token":"5.1\/1\/2\/5.1-21","metadata":false},{"id":366617,"structure_id":52232,"section_number":"5.1-21.1","catch_line":"Powers of conservators of the peace conferred upon airport managers or designees","url":"\/5.1-21.1\/","token":"5.1\/1\/2\/5.1-21.1","metadata":false},{"id":366619,"structure_id":52232,"section_number":"5.1-22","catch_line":"Interference with operation of aircraft; penalties; venue","url":"\/5.1-22\/","token":"5.1\/1\/2\/5.1-22","metadata":false},{"id":366620,"structure_id":52232,"section_number":"5.1-23","catch_line":"Jurisdiction of local and State Police","url":"\/5.1-23\/","token":"5.1\/1\/2\/5.1-23","metadata":false},{"id":366621,"structure_id":52232,"section_number":"5.1-24","catch_line":"Penalties","url":"\/5.1-24\/","token":"5.1\/1\/2\/5.1-24","metadata":false},{"id":366626,"structure_id":52232,"section_number":"5.1-25","catch_line":"Operation of aircraft by nonresident","url":"\/5.1-25\/","token":"5.1\/1\/2\/5.1-25","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":366618,"structure_id":52232,"section_number":"5.1-21","catch_line":"Powers of conservator of the peace conferred upon pilot","url":"\/5.1-21\/","token":"5.1\/1\/2\/5.1-21","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":366619,"structure_id":52232,"section_number":"5.1-22","catch_line":"Interference with operation of aircraft; penalties; venue","url":"\/5.1-22\/","token":"5.1\/1\/2\/5.1-22","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/5.1-21.1\/","history_text":"<p>This law was first created in 1970. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 717 of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. Unfortunately, the 1970 \u201cActs\u201d aren\u2019t available online. It has been modified 2 times. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. Those modifications are as follows: in 1979, chapter 272; in 1991, chapter 339.<\/p>","references":false,"refers_to":false,"permalink":{"id":1460585,"object_type":"law","relational_id":366617,"identifier":"5.1-21.1","token":"5.1\/1\/2\/5.1-21.1","url":"\/5.1-21.1\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/5.1-21.1\/","token":"5.1\/1\/2\/5.1-21.1","dublin_core":{"Title":"Powers of conservators of the peace conferred upon airport managers or designees","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 5.1-21.1","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section><p>The <span class=\"dictionary\">airport<\/span> manager of any licensed Virginia <span class=\"dictionary\">airport<\/span> or in his absence not more than two employees who are designated by him shall be special policemen and have all the powers of conservators of the peace in the enforcement of this title and its regulations as promulgated by the <span class=\"dictionary\">Board<\/span>. <span class=\"dictionary\">Persons<\/span> arrested by them shall be placed in confinement or delivered to the <span class=\"dictionary\">custody<\/span> of some other conservator of the peace or police officer.<\/p><\/section>","plain_text":"                                 CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nPOWERS OF CONSERVATORS OF THE PEACE CONFERRED UPON AIRPORT MANAGERS OR DESIGNEES\n(\u00a7 5.1-21.1)\n\nThe airport manager of any licensed Virginia airport or in his absence not more\nthan two employees who are designated by him shall be special policemen and have\nall the powers of conservators of the peace in the enforcement of this title and\nits regulations as promulgated by the Board. Persons arrested by them shall be\nplaced in confinement or delivered to the custody of some other conservator of\nthe peace or police officer.\n\nHISTORY: 1970, c. 717; 1979, c. 272; 1991, c. 339.","edition":{"id":2,"name":"2026","slug":"2026","date_created":"2026-07-16 18:40:23","date_modified":"2026-08-02 15:14:36","current":1,"order_by":2,"last_import":"2026-08-02 12:37:30"}}