{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-json\/54.1-2023.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-text\/54.1-2023.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-xml\/54.1-2023.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-html\/54.1-2023.html"}],"law_id":368018,"edition_id":2,"section_id":368018,"structure_id":52462,"section_number":"54.1-2023","catch_line":"Penalty","history":"2010, c. 508; 2012, c. 405.","full_text":"In addition to the powers vested in the Board, in any action brought under this chapter, if a court finds that a person has willfully engaged in an act or practice in violation of this chapter, the Attorney General, the attorney for the Commonwealth, or the attorney for the locality may recover for the Literary Fund, upon petition to the court, a civil penalty of not more than $10,000 per violation. For purposes of this section, prima facie evidence of a willful violation may be shown when the Attorney General, the attorney for the Commonwealth, or the attorney for the locality notifies the alleged violator by certified mail that an act or practice is a violation of this chapter and the alleged violator, after receipt of the notice, continues to engage in the act or practice.\n\nViolations of this chapter shall constitute separate and distinct offenses. If the acts or activities violating this chapter also violate another provision of law, an action brought under this chapter shall not prohibit or bar any prosecution or proceeding under such other provision or the imposition or any penalties provided for thereby.\n\n","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":1369754,"text":"In addition to the powers vested in the Board, in any action brought under this chapter, if a court finds that a person has willfully engaged in an act or practice in violation of this chapter, the Attorney General, the attorney for the Commonwealth, or the attorney for the locality may recover for the Literary Fund, upon petition to the court, a civil penalty of not more than $10,000 per violation. For purposes of this section, prima facie evidence of a willful violation may be shown when the Attorney General, the attorney for the Commonwealth, or the attorney for the locality notifies the alleged violator by certified mail that an act or practice is a violation of this chapter and the alleged violator, after receipt of the notice, continues to engage in the act or practice.","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1,"next_prefix":""},"1":{"id":1369755,"text":"Violations of this chapter shall constitute separate and distinct offenses. If the acts or activities violating this chapter also violate another provision of law, an action brought under this chapter shall not prohibit or bar any prosecution or proceeding under such other provision or the imposition or any penalties provided for thereby.","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1,"prior_prefix":""}},"ancestry":[{"id":52462,"edition_id":2,"name":"Real Estate Appraisal Management Companies","identifier":"20.2","label":"chapter","depth":3,"order_by":12,"parent_id":52439,"metadata":{"child_laws":6,"child_structures":0},"date_created":"2026-08-02 02:59:06","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:34:56","permalink":{"id":1466887,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":52462,"identifier":"20.2","token":"54.1\/II\/20.2","url":"\/54.1\/II\/20.2\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":52439,"edition_id":2,"name":"Professions and Occupations Regulated by the Department of Professional and Occupational Regulation and Boards Within the Department","identifier":"II","label":"subtitle","depth":2,"order_by":2,"parent_id":52436,"metadata":{"child_laws":392,"child_structures":60},"date_created":"2026-08-02 02:58:52","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:34:52","permalink":{"id":1466417,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":52439,"identifier":"II","token":"54.1\/II","url":"\/54.1\/II\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":52436,"edition_id":2,"name":"Professions and Occupations","identifier":"54.1","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":118,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{"child_laws":1282,"child_structures":163},"date_created":"2026-08-02 02:58:52","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:34:51","permalink":{"id":1466315,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":52436,"identifier":"54.1","token":"54.1","url":"\/54.1\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":368013,"structure_id":52462,"section_number":"54.1-2020","catch_line":"Definitions","url":"\/54.1-2020\/","token":"54.1\/II\/20.2\/54.1-2020","metadata":false},{"id":368015,"structure_id":52462,"section_number":"54.1-2021","catch_line":"Exemptions","url":"\/54.1-2021\/","token":"54.1\/II\/20.2\/54.1-2021","metadata":{"court_decisions":{"0":{"name":"Commissioner of Highways v. Karverly, Inc.","case_number":"Record 170282","citation":"813 S.E.2d 322","date":"2018-05-10","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/4496696\/commissioner-of-highways-v-karverly-inc\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. OPINION BY JUSTICE D. ARTHUR KELSEY .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"SCV<\/abbr>"}}}},{"id":368014,"structure_id":52462,"section_number":"54.1-2021.1","catch_line":"Appraisal management companies; license required; posting of bond or letter of credit","url":"\/54.1-2021.1\/","token":"54.1\/II\/20.2\/54.1-2021.1","metadata":false},{"id":368017,"structure_id":52462,"section_number":"54.1-2022","catch_line":"Appraisal management companies","url":"\/54.1-2022\/","token":"54.1\/II\/20.2\/54.1-2022","metadata":{"court_decisions":""}},{"id":368016,"structure_id":52462,"section_number":"54.1-2022.1","catch_line":"Appraiser compensation","url":"\/54.1-2022.1\/","token":"54.1\/II\/20.2\/54.1-2022.1","metadata":false},{"id":368018,"structure_id":52462,"section_number":"54.1-2023","catch_line":"Penalty","url":"\/54.1-2023\/","token":"54.1\/II\/20.2\/54.1-2023","metadata":{"court_decisions":""}}],"previous_section":{"id":368016,"structure_id":52462,"section_number":"54.1-2022.1","catch_line":"Appraiser compensation","url":"\/54.1-2022.1\/","token":"54.1\/II\/20.2\/54.1-2022.1","metadata":false},"metadata":{"court_decisions":""},"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/54.1-2023\/","history_text":"

This law was first created in 2010. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 508<\/a> of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. It has been modified 1 time. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. That modification is as follows: in 2012, chapter 405<\/a>.<\/p>","references":false,"refers_to":false,"permalink":{"id":1466909,"object_type":"law","relational_id":368018,"identifier":"54.1-2023","token":"54.1\/II\/20.2\/54.1-2023","url":"\/54.1-2023\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/54.1-2023\/","token":"54.1\/II\/20.2\/54.1-2023","dublin_core":{"Title":"Penalty","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 54.1-2023","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

In addition to the powers vested in the Board, in any action brought under this chapter, if a court<\/span> finds that a person has willfully engaged in an act or practice in violation of this chapter, the Attorney General<\/span>, the attorney for the Commonwealth, or the attorney for the locality may recover for the Literary Fund, upon petition<\/span> to the court<\/span>, a civil penalty<\/span> of not more than $10,000 per violation. For purposes of this section, prima facie evidence<\/span> of a willful violation may be shown when the Attorney General<\/span>, the attorney for the Commonwealth, or the attorney for the locality notifies the alleged violator by certified mail that an act or practice is a violation of this chapter and the alleged violator, after receipt of the notice, continues to engage in the act or practice.<\/p>

Violations of this chapter shall constitute separate and distinct offenses<\/span>. If the acts or activities violating this chapter also violate another provision of law<\/span>, an action brought under this chapter shall not prohibit or bar any prosecution<\/span> or proceeding under such other provision or the imposition or any penalties provided for thereby.<\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nPENALTY (\u00a7 54.1-2023)\n\nIn addition to the powers vested in the Board, in any action brought under this\nchapter, if a court finds that a person has willfully engaged in an act or\npractice in violation of this chapter, the Attorney General, the attorney for\nthe Commonwealth, or the attorney for the locality may recover for the Literary\nFund, upon petition to the court, a civil penalty of not more than $10,000 per\nviolation. For purposes of this section, prima facie evidence of a willful\nviolation may be shown when the Attorney General, the attorney for the\nCommonwealth, or the attorney for the locality notifies the alleged violator by\ncertified mail that an act or practice is a violation of this chapter and the\nalleged violator, after receipt of the notice, continues to engage in the act or\npractice.\n\nViolations of this chapter shall constitute separate and distinct offenses. If\nthe acts or activities violating this chapter also violate another provision of\nlaw, an action brought under this chapter shall not prohibit or bar any\nprosecution or proceeding under such other provision or the imposition or any\npenalties provided for thereby.\n\nHISTORY: 2010, c. 508; 2012, c. 405.","edition":{"id":2,"name":"2026","slug":"2026","date_created":"2026-07-16 18:40:23","date_modified":"2026-08-02 15:14:36","current":1,"order_by":2,"last_import":"2026-08-02 12:37:30"}}