{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-json\/54.1-2902.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-text\/54.1-2902.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-xml\/54.1-2902.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-html\/54.1-2902.html"}],"law_id":368358,"edition_id":2,"section_id":368358,"structure_id":52504,"section_number":"54.1-2902","catch_line":"Unlawful to practice without license","history":"Code 1950, \u00a7 54-274; 1950, p. 98; 1958, c. 161; 1962, c. 127; 1966, c. 657; 1970, c. 69; 1973, cc. 105, 514, 529; 1975, c. 508; 1976, c. 15; 1980, c. 157; 1982, c. 220; 1985, cc. 303, 347; 1986, c. 377; 1988, c. 765; 1996, cc. 937, 980; 2000, c. 688; 2021, Sp. Sess. I, c. 210.","full_text":"It is unlawful for any person to practice medicine, osteopathic medicine, chiropractic, or podiatry or as a physician assistant in the Commonwealth without a valid unrevoked license issued by the Board.\n\n","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":1371874,"text":"It is unlawful for any person to practice medicine, osteopathic medicine, chiropractic, or podiatry or as a physician assistant in the Commonwealth without a valid unrevoked license issued by the Board.","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1}},"ancestry":[{"id":52504,"edition_id":2,"name":"General Provisions","identifier":"1","label":"article","depth":4,"order_by":1,"parent_id":52503,"metadata":{"child_laws":17,"child_structures":0},"date_created":"2026-08-02 02:59:48","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:35:05","permalink":{"id":1468937,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":52504,"identifier":"1","token":"54.1\/III\/29\/1","url":"\/54.1\/III\/29\/1\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":52503,"edition_id":2,"name":"Medicine and Other Healing Arts","identifier":"29","label":"chapter","depth":3,"order_by":10,"parent_id":52479,"metadata":{"child_laws":183,"child_structures":10},"date_created":"2026-08-02 02:59:48","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:35:05","permalink":{"id":1468935,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":52503,"identifier":"29","token":"54.1\/III\/29","url":"\/54.1\/III\/29\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":52479,"edition_id":2,"name":"Professions and Occupations Regulated by Boards Within the Department of Health Professions","identifier":"III","label":"subtitle","depth":2,"order_by":3,"parent_id":52436,"metadata":{"child_laws":738,"child_structures":83},"date_created":"2026-08-02 02:59:23","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:35:00","permalink":{"id":1468107,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":52479,"identifier":"III","token":"54.1\/III","url":"\/54.1\/III\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":52436,"edition_id":2,"name":"Professions and Occupations","identifier":"54.1","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":118,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{"child_laws":1282,"child_structures":163},"date_created":"2026-08-02 02:58:52","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:34:51","permalink":{"id":1466315,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":52436,"identifier":"54.1","token":"54.1","url":"\/54.1\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":368356,"structure_id":52504,"section_number":"54.1-2900","catch_line":"Definitions","url":"\/54.1-2900\/","token":"54.1\/III\/29\/1\/54.1-2900","metadata":false},{"id":368357,"structure_id":52504,"section_number":"54.1-2901","catch_line":"Exceptions and exemptions generally","url":"\/54.1-2901\/","token":"54.1\/III\/29\/1\/54.1-2901","metadata":false},{"id":368358,"structure_id":52504,"section_number":"54.1-2902","catch_line":"Unlawful to practice without license","url":"\/54.1-2902\/","token":"54.1\/III\/29\/1\/54.1-2902","metadata":false},{"id":368359,"structure_id":52504,"section_number":"54.1-2903","catch_line":"What constitutes practice; advertising in connection with medical practice","url":"\/54.1-2903\/","token":"54.1\/III\/29\/1\/54.1-2903","metadata":false},{"id":368360,"structure_id":52504,"section_number":"54.1-2904","catch_line":"Biennial renewal of licenses; copies; fee; lapsed licenses; reinstatement; penalties","url":"\/54.1-2904\/","token":"54.1\/III\/29\/1\/54.1-2904","metadata":false},{"id":368361,"structure_id":52504,"section_number":"54.1-2905","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/54.1-2905\/","token":"54.1\/III\/29\/1\/54.1-2905","metadata":false},{"id":368362,"structure_id":52504,"section_number":"54.1-2906","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/54.1-2906\/","token":"54.1\/III\/29\/1\/54.1-2906","metadata":false},{"id":368363,"structure_id":52504,"section_number":"54.1-2908","catch_line":"Reports of disciplinary action against health professionals; immunity from liability; civil penalty","url":"\/54.1-2908\/","token":"54.1\/III\/29\/1\/54.1-2908","metadata":false},{"id":368364,"structure_id":52504,"section_number":"54.1-2909","catch_line":"Further reporting requirements; civil penalty; disciplinary action","url":"\/54.1-2909\/","token":"54.1\/III\/29\/1\/54.1-2909","metadata":false},{"id":368372,"structure_id":52504,"section_number":"54.1-2910","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/54.1-2910\/","token":"54.1\/III\/29\/1\/54.1-2910","metadata":false},{"id":368365,"structure_id":52504,"section_number":"54.1-2910.01","catch_line":"Practitioner information provided to patients","url":"\/54.1-2910.01\/","token":"54.1\/III\/29\/1\/54.1-2910.01","metadata":false},{"id":368366,"structure_id":52504,"section_number":"54.1-2910.1","catch_line":"Certain data required","url":"\/54.1-2910.1\/","token":"54.1\/III\/29\/1\/54.1-2910.1","metadata":false},{"id":368367,"structure_id":52504,"section_number":"54.1-2910.2","catch_line":"Posting of disciplinary information","url":"\/54.1-2910.2\/","token":"54.1\/III\/29\/1\/54.1-2910.2","metadata":false},{"id":368368,"structure_id":52504,"section_number":"54.1-2910.3","catch_line":"No requirement to participate in third-party reimbursement programs","url":"\/54.1-2910.3\/","token":"54.1\/III\/29\/1\/54.1-2910.3","metadata":false},{"id":368369,"structure_id":52504,"section_number":"54.1-2910.3:1","catch_line":"Medicaid recipients; treatment involving prescription of opioids; payment","url":"\/54.1-2910.3_1\/","token":"54.1\/III\/29\/1\/54.1-2910.3_1","metadata":false},{"id":368370,"structure_id":52504,"section_number":"54.1-2910.4","catch_line":"Health record retention","url":"\/54.1-2910.4\/","token":"54.1\/III\/29\/1\/54.1-2910.4","metadata":false},{"id":368371,"structure_id":52504,"section_number":"54.1-2910.5","catch_line":"Pediatric sexual assault patient services; requirements","url":"\/54.1-2910.5\/","token":"54.1\/III\/29\/1\/54.1-2910.5","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":368357,"structure_id":52504,"section_number":"54.1-2901","catch_line":"Exceptions and exemptions generally","url":"\/54.1-2901\/","token":"54.1\/III\/29\/1\/54.1-2901","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":368359,"structure_id":52504,"section_number":"54.1-2903","catch_line":"What constitutes practice; advertising in connection with medical practice","url":"\/54.1-2903\/","token":"54.1\/III\/29\/1\/54.1-2903","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/54.1-2902\/","history_text":"<p>The record of this law\u2019s original creation isn\u2019t available online. It has been modified 14 times. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. Those modifications are as follows: in 1958, chapter 161; in 1962, chapter 127; in 1966, chapter 657; in 1970, chapter 69; in 1973, chapters 105, 514, and 529; in 1975, chapter 508; in 1976, chapter 15; in 1980, chapter 157; in 1982, chapter 220; in 1985, chapters 303 and 347; in 1986, chapter 377; in 1988, chapter 765; in 1996, chapters <a href=\"https:\/\/legacylis.virginia.gov\/cgi-bin\/legp604.exe?961+ful+CHAP0937\">937<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/legacylis.virginia.gov\/cgi-bin\/legp604.exe?961+ful+CHAP0980\">980<\/a>; in 2000, chapter <a href=\"https:\/\/legacylis.virginia.gov\/cgi-bin\/legp604.exe?001+ful+CHAP0688\">688<\/a>.<\/p>","references":[{"id":367918,"section_number":"54.1-111","catch_line":"Unlawful acts; prosecution; proceedings in equity; civil penalty","order_by":null,"url":"\/54.1-111\/"},{"id":368423,"section_number":"54.1-2951.4","catch_line":"Exception to physician assistant license requirement; physician assistant student","order_by":null,"url":"\/54.1-2951.4\/"},{"id":368647,"section_number":"54.1-3300.1","catch_line":"Participation in collaborative agreements; regulations to be promulgated by the Boards of Medicine and Pharmacy","order_by":null,"url":"\/54.1-3300.1\/"}],"refers_to":false,"permalink":{"id":1468947,"object_type":"law","relational_id":368358,"identifier":"54.1-2902","token":"54.1\/III\/29\/1\/54.1-2902","url":"\/54.1-2902\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/54.1-2902\/","token":"54.1\/III\/29\/1\/54.1-2902","dublin_core":{"Title":"Unlawful to practice without license","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 54.1-2902","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section><p>It is unlawful for any person to practice medicine, osteopathic medicine, chiropractic, or podiatry or as a <span class=\"dictionary\">physician assistant<\/span> in the Commonwealth without a valid unrevoked license issued by the <span class=\"dictionary\">Board<\/span>.<\/p><\/section>","plain_text":"                                 CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nUNLAWFUL TO PRACTICE WITHOUT LICENSE (\u00a7 54.1-2902)\n\nIt is unlawful for any person to practice medicine, osteopathic medicine,\nchiropractic, or podiatry or as a physician assistant in the Commonwealth\nwithout a valid unrevoked license issued by the Board.\n\nHISTORY: Code 1950, \u00a7 54-274; 1950, p. 98; 1958, c. 161; 1962, c. 127; 1966, c.\n657; 1970, c. 69; 1973, cc. 105, 514, 529; 1975, c. 508; 1976, c. 15; 1980, c.\n157; 1982, c. 220; 1985, cc. 303, 347; 1986, c. 377; 1988, c. 765; 1996, cc.\n937, 980; 2000, c. 688; 2021, Sp. Sess. I, c. 210.","edition":{"id":2,"name":"2026","slug":"2026","date_created":"2026-07-16 18:40:23","date_modified":"2026-08-02 15:14:36","current":1,"order_by":2,"last_import":"2026-08-02 12:37:30"}}