{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-json\/55.1-2802.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-text\/55.1-2802.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-xml\/55.1-2802.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-html\/55.1-2802.html"}],"law_id":369790,"edition_id":2,"section_id":369790,"structure_id":52670,"section_number":"55.1-2802","catch_line":"Unlawful to sell other controlling devices unless they meet certain standards","history":"1982, c. 280, \u00a7\u00a7 55-298.2, 55-298.3; 2019, c. 712.","full_text":"A\n\nA controlling device that does not conform to the requirements of \u00a7 55.1-2801 shall not be sold, distributed, constructed, installed, maintained, or used unless it meets the following standards:\n\n1\n\nA peak-discharge-output type controlling device that delivers intermittent current of a value not in excess of four milliampere-seconds for a maximum “on” period of two-tenths second and a minimum “off” period of three-quarters second. The mean value of the peak output from such device shall progressively decrease from four milliampere-seconds at maximum “on” periods of both two-tenths and one-tenth second to three and two-tenths milliampere-seconds at six-hundredths second, one and nine-tenths milliampere-seconds at three-hundredths second, and consequently to shorter “on” periods as output current increases.\n\n2\n\nA sinusoidal-output type controlling device that delivers an intermittent current of a value not in excess of five milliamperes for a maximum “on” period of two-tenths second and a minimum “off” period of nine-tenths second. The effective value of the output from such device may increase as the “on” period decreases, increasing from 40 milliamperes for one-tenth second to 57 milliamperes for five-hundredths second, and 65 milliamperes for twenty-seven thousandths second.\n\n3\n\nAny other type of controlling device that delivers a maximum intermittent current output of a value not in excess of four milliampere-seconds for a maximum “on” period of two-tenths second and a minimum “off” period of nine-tenths second.\n\nB\n\nNotwithstanding the provisions of subsection A, no electric fence controlling device shall be sold, distributed, constructed, installed, maintained, or used that will permit for longer than one second an uninterrupted electric current on the fence with an effective value in excess of five milliamperes when the load, including the measuring device, is not less than 450 ohms nor more than 550 ohms.\n\n","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":1379678,"text":"A controlling device that does not conform to the requirements of \u00a7 55.1-2801 shall not be sold, distributed, constructed, installed, maintained, or used unless it meets the following standards:","type":"section","prefixes":["A"],"prefix":"A","entire_prefix":"A","prefix_anchor":"A","level":1,"next_prefix":"A1"},"1":{"id":1379679,"text":"A peak-discharge-output type controlling device that delivers intermittent current of a value not in excess of four milliampere-seconds for a maximum “on” period of two-tenths second and a minimum “off” period of three-quarters second. The mean value of the peak output from such device shall progressively decrease from four milliampere-seconds at maximum “on” periods of both two-tenths and one-tenth second to three and two-tenths milliampere-seconds at six-hundredths second, one and nine-tenths milliampere-seconds at three-hundredths second, and consequently to shorter “on” periods as output current increases.","type":"section","prefixes":["A","1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"A1","prefix_anchor":"A1","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A","next_prefix":"A2"},"2":{"id":1379680,"text":"A sinusoidal-output type controlling device that delivers an intermittent current of a value not in excess of five milliamperes for a maximum “on” period of two-tenths second and a minimum “off” period of nine-tenths second. The effective value of the output from such device may increase as the “on” period decreases, increasing from 40 milliamperes for one-tenth second to 57 milliamperes for five-hundredths second, and 65 milliamperes for twenty-seven thousandths second.","type":"section","prefixes":["A","2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"A2","prefix_anchor":"A2","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A1","next_prefix":"A3"},"3":{"id":1379681,"text":"Any other type of controlling device that delivers a maximum intermittent current output of a value not in excess of four milliampere-seconds for a maximum “on” period of two-tenths second and a minimum “off” period of nine-tenths second.","type":"section","prefixes":["A","3"],"prefix":"3","entire_prefix":"A3","prefix_anchor":"A3","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A2","next_prefix":"B"},"4":{"id":1379682,"text":"Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection A, no electric fence controlling device shall be sold, distributed, constructed, installed, maintained, or used that will permit for longer than one second an uninterrupted electric current on the fence with an effective value in excess of five milliamperes when the load, including the measuring device, is not less than 450 ohms nor more than 550 ohms.","type":"section","prefixes":["B"],"prefix":"B","entire_prefix":"B","prefix_anchor":"B","level":1,"prior_prefix":"A3"}},"ancestry":[{"id":52670,"edition_id":2,"name":"Electric Fences","identifier":"1","label":"article","depth":4,"order_by":1,"parent_id":52669,"metadata":{"child_laws":4,"child_structures":0},"date_created":"2026-08-02 03:02:53","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:35:33","permalink":{"id":1475191,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":52670,"identifier":"1","token":"55.1\/V\/28\/1","url":"\/55.1\/V\/28\/1\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":52669,"edition_id":2,"name":"Trespasses; Fences","identifier":"28","label":"chapter","depth":3,"order_by":5,"parent_id":52661,"metadata":{"child_laws":42,"child_structures":8},"date_created":"2026-08-02 03:02:53","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:35:33","permalink":{"id":1475189,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":52669,"identifier":"28","token":"55.1\/V\/28","url":"\/55.1\/V\/28\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":52661,"edition_id":2,"name":"Miscellaneous","identifier":"V","label":"subtitle","depth":2,"order_by":5,"parent_id":52600,"metadata":{"child_laws":165,"child_structures":20},"date_created":"2026-08-02 03:02:42","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:35:31","permalink":{"id":1474773,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":52661,"identifier":"V","token":"55.1\/V","url":"\/55.1\/V\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":52600,"edition_id":2,"name":"Property and Conveyances","identifier":"55.1","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":120,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{"child_laws":875,"child_structures":101},"date_created":"2026-08-02 03:01:36","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:35:20","permalink":{"id":1471771,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":52600,"identifier":"55.1","token":"55.1","url":"\/55.1\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":369788,"structure_id":52670,"section_number":"55.1-2800","catch_line":"Definition","url":"\/55.1-2800\/","token":"55.1\/V\/28\/1\/55.1-2800","metadata":false},{"id":369789,"structure_id":52670,"section_number":"55.1-2801","catch_line":"Unlawful to sell, distribute, construct, install, maintain, or use certain electric fences upon agricultural land","url":"\/55.1-2801\/","token":"55.1\/V\/28\/1\/55.1-2801","metadata":false},{"id":369790,"structure_id":52670,"section_number":"55.1-2802","catch_line":"Unlawful to sell other controlling devices unless they meet certain standards","url":"\/55.1-2802\/","token":"55.1\/V\/28\/1\/55.1-2802","metadata":false},{"id":369791,"structure_id":52670,"section_number":"55.1-2803","catch_line":"Penalty","url":"\/55.1-2803\/","token":"55.1\/V\/28\/1\/55.1-2803","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":369789,"structure_id":52670,"section_number":"55.1-2801","catch_line":"Unlawful to sell, distribute, construct, install, maintain, or use certain electric fences upon agricultural land","url":"\/55.1-2801\/","token":"55.1\/V\/28\/1\/55.1-2801","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":369791,"structure_id":52670,"section_number":"55.1-2803","catch_line":"Penalty","url":"\/55.1-2803\/","token":"55.1\/V\/28\/1\/55.1-2803","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/55.1-2802\/","history_text":"

This law was first created in 1982. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 280 of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. Unfortunately, the 1982 \u201cActs\u201d aren\u2019t available online. It has been modified 1 time. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. That modification is as follows: in 2019, chapter 712<\/a>.<\/p>","references":false,"refers_to":[{"id":369789,"section_number":"55.1-2801","catch_line":"Unlawful to sell, distribute, construct, install, maintain, or use certain electric fences upon agricultural land","order_by":null,"url":"\/55.1-2801\/"}],"permalink":{"id":1475201,"object_type":"law","relational_id":369790,"identifier":"55.1-2802","token":"55.1\/V\/28\/1\/55.1-2802","url":"\/55.1-2802\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/55.1-2802\/","token":"55.1\/V\/28\/1\/55.1-2802","dublin_core":{"Title":"Unlawful to sell other controlling devices unless they meet certain standards","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 55.1-2802","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

A.<\/span> A controlling device that does not conform to the requirements of \u00a7 55.1-2801<\/a> shall not be sold, distributed, constructed, installed, maintained, or used unless it meets the following standards: <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> A peak-discharge-output type controlling device that delivers intermittent current of a value not in excess of four milliampere-seconds for a maximum “on<\/span>” period of two-tenths second and a minimum “off<\/span>” period of three-quarters second. The mean value of the peak output from such device shall progressively decrease from four milliampere-seconds at maximum “on<\/span>” periods of both two-tenths and one-tenth second to three and two-tenths milliampere-seconds at six-hundredths second, one and nine-tenths milliampere-seconds at three-hundredths second, and consequently to shorter “on<\/span>” periods as output current increases. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> A sinusoidal-output type controlling device that delivers an intermittent current of a value not in excess of five milliamperes for a maximum “on<\/span>” period of two-tenths second and a minimum “off<\/span>” period of nine-tenths second. The effective value of the output from such device may increase as the “on<\/span>” period decreases, increasing from 40 milliamperes for one-tenth second to 57 milliamperes for five-hundredths second, and 65 milliamperes for twenty-seven thousandths second. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

3.<\/span> Any other type of controlling device that delivers a maximum intermittent current output of a value not in excess of four milliampere-seconds for a maximum “on<\/span>” period of two-tenths second and a minimum “off<\/span>” period of nine-tenths second. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

B.<\/span> Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection A, no electric fence controlling device shall be sold, distributed, constructed, installed, maintained, or used that will permit for longer than one second an uninterrupted electric current on<\/span> the fence with an effective value in excess of five milliamperes when the load, including the measuring device, is not less than 450 ohms nor more than 550 ohms. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nUNLAWFUL TO SELL OTHER CONTROLLING DEVICES UNLESS THEY MEET CERTAIN STANDARDS\n(\u00a7 55.1-2802)\n\nA. A controlling device that does not conform to the requirements of \u00a7\n55.1-2801 shall not be sold, distributed, constructed, installed, maintained, or\nused unless it meets the following standards:\n\n 1. A peak-discharge-output type controlling device that delivers intermittent\n current of a value not in excess of four milliampere-seconds for a maximum\n “on” period of two-tenths second and a minimum “off”\n period of three-quarters second. The mean value of the peak output from such\n device shall progressively decrease from four milliampere-seconds at maximum\n “on” periods of both two-tenths and one-tenth second to three and\n two-tenths milliampere-seconds at six-hundredths second, one and nine-tenths\n milliampere-seconds at three-hundredths second, and consequently to shorter\n “on” periods as output current increases.\n\n 2. A sinusoidal-output type controlling device that delivers an intermittent\n current of a value not in excess of five milliamperes for a maximum\n “on” period of two-tenths second and a minimum “off”\n period of nine-tenths second. The effective value of the output from such\n device may increase as the “on” period decreases, increasing from\n 40 milliamperes for one-tenth second to 57 milliamperes for five-hundredths\n second, and 65 milliamperes for twenty-seven thousandths second.\n\n 3. Any other type of controlling device that delivers a maximum intermittent\n current output of a value not in excess of four milliampere-seconds for a\n maximum “on” period of two-tenths second and a minimum\n “off” period of nine-tenths second.\n\nB. Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection A, no electric fence controlling\ndevice shall be sold, distributed, constructed, installed, maintained, or used\nthat will permit for longer than one second an uninterrupted electric current on\nthe fence with an effective value in excess of five milliamperes when the load,\nincluding the measuring device, is not less than 450 ohms nor more than 550\nohms.\n\nHISTORY: 1982, c. 280, \u00a7\u00a7 55-298.2, 55-298.3; 2019, c. 712.","edition":{"id":2,"name":"2026","slug":"2026","date_created":"2026-07-16 18:40:23","date_modified":"2026-08-02 15:14:36","current":1,"order_by":2,"last_import":"2026-08-02 12:37:30"}}