{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-json\/59.1-201.1.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-text\/59.1-201.1.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-xml\/59.1-201.1.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-html\/59.1-201.1.html"}],"law_id":372747,"edition_id":2,"section_id":372747,"structure_id":53029,"section_number":"59.1-201.1","catch_line":"Attorney General empowered to issue civil investigative demands","history":"1995, c. 703.","full_text":"Whenever the Attorney General has reasonable cause to believe that any person has engaged in, or is engaging in, or is about to engage in, any violation of this chapter, the Attorney General is empowered to issue a civil investigative demand. The provisions of \u00a7 59.1-9.10 shall apply mutatis mutandis to civil investigative demands issued pursuant to this section.\n\n","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":1390070,"text":"Whenever the Attorney General has reasonable cause to believe that any person has engaged in, or is engaging in, or is about to engage in, any violation of this chapter, the Attorney General is empowered to issue a civil investigative demand. The provisions of \u00a7 59.1-9.10 shall apply mutatis mutandis to civil investigative demands issued pursuant to this section.","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1}},"ancestry":[{"id":53029,"edition_id":2,"name":"Virginia Consumer Protection Act","identifier":"17","label":"chapter","depth":2,"order_by":28,"parent_id":53010,"metadata":{"child_laws":15,"child_structures":0},"date_created":"2026-08-02 03:10:03","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:36:25","permalink":{"id":1486777,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":53029,"identifier":"17","token":"59.1\/17","url":"\/59.1\/17\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":53010,"edition_id":2,"name":"Trade and Commerce","identifier":"59.1","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":127,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{"child_laws":861,"child_structures":141},"date_created":"2026-08-02 03:09:52","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:36:19","permalink":{"id":1486523,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":53010,"identifier":"59.1","token":"59.1","url":"\/59.1\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":372741,"structure_id":53029,"section_number":"59.1-196","catch_line":"Title","url":"\/59.1-196\/","token":"59.1\/17\/59.1-196","metadata":false},{"id":372742,"structure_id":53029,"section_number":"59.1-197","catch_line":"Intent","url":"\/59.1-197\/","token":"59.1\/17\/59.1-197","metadata":false},{"id":372743,"structure_id":53029,"section_number":"59.1-198","catch_line":"Definitions","url":"\/59.1-198\/","token":"59.1\/17\/59.1-198","metadata":{"court_decisions":{"0":{"name":"Saad Benkirane v. City Concrete Corp.","case_number":"1100244","citation":null,"date":"2025-07-29","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/10643502\/saad-benkirane-v-city-concrete-corp\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"<abbr title=\"Court of Appeals\">COA<\/abbr>"},"1":{"name":" .\u202f.\u202f. H.D. Oliver Funeral Apartments, Inc. v. Dignity Funeral .\u202f.\u202f. ","case_number":"Civil Action 2:97cv218","citation":"964 F. Supp. 1033","date":"1997-05-14","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/1410013\/hd-oliver-funeral-apartments-inc-v-dignity-funeral-services-inc\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. 964 F.Supp. 1033 (1997) .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"District Court, E.D. Virginia"},"2":{"name":"Polk v. Crown Auto, Inc.","case_number":"4:99CV0011","citation":"110 F. Supp. 2d 455","date":"1999-11-16","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/2568501\/polk-v-crown-auto-inc\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. 110 F.Supp.2d 455 (1999) .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"District Court, W.D. Virginia"},"3":{"name":"Abi-Najm v. Concord Condominium, LLC","case_number":"091546","citation":"699 S.E.2d 483","date":"2010-09-16","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/1058165\/abi-najm-v-concord-condominium-llc\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. 699 S.E.2d 483 (2010) .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"<abbr title=\"Supreme Court of Virginia\">SCV<\/abbr>"},"4":{"name":"Lambert v. Downtown Garage, Inc.","case_number":"Record 003012","citation":"553 S.E.2d 714","date":"2001-11-02","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/1059411\/lambert-v-downtown-garage-inc\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. 553 S.E.2d 714 (2001) .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"<abbr title=\"Supreme Court of Virginia\">SCV<\/abbr>"},"5":{"name":"Nahigian v. Juno Loudoun, LLC","case_number":"1:09cv725 (JCC)","citation":"684 F. Supp. 2d 731","date":"2010-01-19","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/1896277\/nahigian-v-juno-loudoun-llc\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. 684 F.Supp.2d 731 (2010) .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"District Court, E.D. Virginia"},"6":{"name":"McCaulley v. Purdue Pharma, L.P.","case_number":"2:01CV00080","citation":"172 F. Supp. 2d 803","date":"2001-11-15","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/2309002\/mccaulley-v-purdue-pharma-lp\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. 172 F.Supp.2d 803 (2001) .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"District Court, W.D. Virginia"},"7":{"name":"Synergistic International, LLC v. Korman","case_number":"CIV.A. 2:05CV49","citation":"402 F. Supp. 2d 651","date":"2005-10-20","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/2426432\/synergistic-international-llc-v-korman\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. 402 F.Supp.2d 651 (2005) .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"District Court, E.D. Virginia"},"8":{"name":"Baker v. Elam","case_number":"Civil Action No. 3:12cv393-JAG","citation":"883 F. Supp. 2d 576","date":"2012-07-24","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/8718082\/baker-v-elam\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. MEMORANDUM OPINION .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"District Court, E.D. Virginia"},"9":{"name":"Maple v. Colonial Orthopaedics, Inc. (In Re Maple)","case_number":"19-70499","citation":"434 B.R. 363","date":"2010-07-21","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/2202725\/maple-v-colonial-orthopaedics-inc-in-re-maple\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. 434 B.R. 363 (2010) .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"United States Bankruptcy Court, E.D. Virginia"}}}},{"id":372744,"structure_id":53029,"section_number":"59.1-199","catch_line":"Exclusions","url":"\/59.1-199\/","token":"59.1\/17\/59.1-199","metadata":false},{"id":372746,"structure_id":53029,"section_number":"59.1-200","catch_line":"Prohibited practices","url":"\/59.1-200\/","token":"59.1\/17\/59.1-200","metadata":{"court_decisions":{"0":{"name":"NC Financial Solutions v. Commonwealth","case_number":"190840","citation":null,"date":"2021-02-25","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/4858962\/nc-financial-solutions-v-commonwealth\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. PRESENT: All the Justices .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"<abbr title=\"Supreme Court of Virginia\">SCV<\/abbr>"},"1":{"name":"Manassas Autocars, Inc. v. Couth","case_number":"Record 061458.","citation":"645 S.E.2d 443","date":"2007-06-08","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/1058633\/manassas-autocars-inc-v-couth\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. 645 S.E.2d 443 (2007) .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"<abbr title=\"Supreme Court of Virginia\">SCV<\/abbr>"},"2":{"name":"Paramount Builders, Inc. v. Commonwealth","case_number":"Record 991696","citation":"260 Va. 22","date":"2000-06-09","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/1059588\/paramount-builders-inc-v-commonwealth\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. JUSTICE LACY .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"<abbr title=\"Supreme Court of Virginia\">SCV<\/abbr>"},"3":{"name":"Burke v. Thor Motor Coach, Inc.","case_number":"Case No. 3:15-cv-75","citation":"113 F. Supp. 3d 863","date":"2015-07-09","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/7314260\/burke-v-thor-motor-coach-inc\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. OPINION .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"District Court, E.D. Virginia"},"4":{"name":"Robert M. Seh Co., Inc. v. O'Donnell","case_number":"081392","citation":"675 S.E.2d 202","date":"2009-04-17","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/1058351\/robert-m-seh-co-inc-v-odonnell\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. 675 S.E.2d 202 (2009) .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"<abbr title=\"Supreme Court of Virginia\">SCV<\/abbr>"},"5":{"name":"Mayberry v. Ememessay, Inc.","case_number":"6:01 CV 0054","citation":"201 F. Supp. 2d 687","date":"2002-05-02","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/2481744\/mayberry-v-ememessay-inc\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. 201 F.Supp.2d 687 (2002) .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"District Court, W.D. Virginia"},"6":{"name":"Zurich American Insurance v. Public Storage","case_number":"1:09cv1394","citation":"743 F. Supp. 2d 525","date":"2010-09-16","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/2473450\/zurich-american-insurance-v-public-storage\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. 743 F.Supp.2d 525 (2010) .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"District Court, E.D. Virginia"},"7":{"name":"Mya Saray, LLC v. Al-Amir","case_number":"No. 1:10cv789 (AJT\/TCB)","citation":"831 F. Supp. 2d 922","date":"2011-11-22","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/8711429\/mya-saray-llc-v-al-amir\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. ORDER .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"District Court, E.D. Virginia"},"8":{"name":" .\u202f.\u202f. H.D. Oliver Funeral Apartments, Inc. v. Dignity Funeral .\u202f.\u202f. ","case_number":"Civil Action 2:97cv218","citation":"964 F. Supp. 1033","date":"1997-05-14","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/1410013\/hd-oliver-funeral-apartments-inc-v-dignity-funeral-services-inc\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. 964 F.Supp. 1033 (1997) .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"District Court, E.D. Virginia"},"9":{"name":"Lee Polk v. Crown Auto, Incorporated","case_number":"99-2204","citation":"228 F.3d 541","date":"2000-07-21","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/770635\/lee-polk-v-crown-auto-incorporated\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. Affirmed by published per curiam opinion. .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit"}}}},{"id":372745,"structure_id":53029,"section_number":"59.1-200.1","catch_line":"Prohibited practices; foreclosure rescue","url":"\/59.1-200.1\/","token":"59.1\/17\/59.1-200.1","metadata":false},{"id":372748,"structure_id":53029,"section_number":"59.1-201","catch_line":"Civil investigative orders","url":"\/59.1-201\/","token":"59.1\/17\/59.1-201","metadata":false},{"id":372747,"structure_id":53029,"section_number":"59.1-201.1","catch_line":"Attorney General empowered to issue civil investigative demands","url":"\/59.1-201.1\/","token":"59.1\/17\/59.1-201.1","metadata":{"court_decisions":""}},{"id":372749,"structure_id":53029,"section_number":"59.1-202","catch_line":"Assurances of voluntary compliance","url":"\/59.1-202\/","token":"59.1\/17\/59.1-202","metadata":false},{"id":372750,"structure_id":53029,"section_number":"59.1-203","catch_line":"Restraining prohibited acts","url":"\/59.1-203\/","token":"59.1\/17\/59.1-203","metadata":false},{"id":372752,"structure_id":53029,"section_number":"59.1-204","catch_line":"Individual action for damages or penalty","url":"\/59.1-204\/","token":"59.1\/17\/59.1-204","metadata":false},{"id":372751,"structure_id":53029,"section_number":"59.1-204.1","catch_line":"Tolling of limitation","url":"\/59.1-204.1\/","token":"59.1\/17\/59.1-204.1","metadata":false},{"id":372753,"structure_id":53029,"section_number":"59.1-205","catch_line":"Additional relief","url":"\/59.1-205\/","token":"59.1\/17\/59.1-205","metadata":false},{"id":372754,"structure_id":53029,"section_number":"59.1-206","catch_line":"Civil penalties; attorney fees","url":"\/59.1-206\/","token":"59.1\/17\/59.1-206","metadata":false},{"id":372806,"structure_id":53029,"section_number":"59.1-207","catch_line":"Unintentional violations","url":"\/59.1-207\/","token":"59.1\/17\/59.1-207","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":372748,"structure_id":53029,"section_number":"59.1-201","catch_line":"Civil investigative orders","url":"\/59.1-201\/","token":"59.1\/17\/59.1-201","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":372749,"structure_id":53029,"section_number":"59.1-202","catch_line":"Assurances of voluntary compliance","url":"\/59.1-202\/","token":"59.1\/17\/59.1-202","metadata":false},"metadata":{"court_decisions":""},"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/59.1-201.1\/","history_text":"<p>This law was first created in 1995. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter <a href=\"https:\/\/legacylis.virginia.gov\/cgi-bin\/legp604.exe?951+ful+CHAP0703\">703<\/a> of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year.<\/p>","references":false,"refers_to":[{"id":373467,"section_number":"59.1-9.10","catch_line":"Investigation by Attorney General of suspected violations; civil investigative demand to witnesses; access to business records, etc","order_by":null,"url":"\/59.1-9.10\/"}],"permalink":{"id":1486807,"object_type":"law","relational_id":372747,"identifier":"59.1-201.1","token":"59.1\/17\/59.1-201.1","url":"\/59.1-201.1\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/59.1-201.1\/","token":"59.1\/17\/59.1-201.1","dublin_core":{"Title":"Attorney General empowered to issue civil investigative demands","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 59.1-201.1","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section><p>Whenever the <span class=\"dictionary\">Attorney General<\/span> has reasonable cause to believe that any <span class=\"dictionary\">person<\/span> has engaged in, or is engaging in, or is about to engage in, any violation of this chapter, the <span class=\"dictionary\">Attorney General<\/span> is empowered to <span class=\"dictionary\">issue<\/span> a civil investigative demand. The provisions of \u00a7&nbsp;<a class=\"law\" title=\"Investigation by Attorney General of suspected violations; civil investigative demand to witnesses; access to business records, etc\" href=\"\/59.1-9.10\/\">59.1-9.10<\/a> shall apply <span class=\"dictionary\">mutatis mutandis<\/span> to civil investigative demands issued pursuant to this section.<\/p><\/section>","plain_text":"                                 CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nATTORNEY GENERAL EMPOWERED TO ISSUE CIVIL INVESTIGATIVE DEMANDS (\u00a7 59.1-201.1)\n\nWhenever the Attorney General has reasonable cause to believe that any person\nhas engaged in, or is engaging in, or is about to engage in, any violation of\nthis chapter, the Attorney General is empowered to issue a civil investigative\ndemand. The provisions of \u00a7 59.1-9.10 shall apply mutatis mutandis to civil\ninvestigative demands issued pursuant to this section.\n\nHISTORY: 1995, c. 703.","edition":{"id":2,"name":"2026","slug":"2026","date_created":"2026-07-16 18:40:23","date_modified":"2026-08-02 15:14:36","current":1,"order_by":2,"last_import":"2026-08-02 12:37:30"}}