{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-json\/59.1-213.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-text\/59.1-213.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-xml\/59.1-213.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-html\/59.1-213.html"}],"law_id":372842,"edition_id":2,"section_id":372842,"structure_id":53038,"section_number":"59.1-213","catch_line":"Mandatory contract terms","history":"1977, c. 649.","full_text":"Every contract for invention development services shall set forth in boldface type of not less than ten-point size all of the following:\n\n1\n\nThe terms and conditions of payment required by § 59.1-209.\n\n2\n\nA full, clear and concise description of the specific acts or services that the invention developer undertakes to perform for the customer; and, to the extent that the description of the specific acts or services affords discretion in the invention developer as to what specific acts or services will be performed, the invention developer shall be deemed a fiduciary.\n\n3\n\nA statement as to whether the invention developer undertakes to construct, sell or distribute one or more prototypes, models or devices embodying the customer’s invention.\n\n4\n\nThe full name and principal place of business of the invention developer and the name and principal place of business of any parent, subsidiary or affiliated company that may engage in performing any of the invention development services.\n\n5\n\nThe names and addresses of the persons and organizations, other than employees of the invention developer, that may perform any of the invention development services.\n\n6\n\nA statement of the fee charged, and the proposed specific application of the proceeds of such fee by the invention developer, including but not limited to the approximate portion that will be expended for services relating to patent matters, and all portions of the fee that represent sales commissions, incentive payments, finder’s fees, or any amounts intended to compensate any agent, employee, salesman or other person for procuring the customer.\n\n7\n\nA statement as to whether the invention developer intends to expend more for the invention development services than the cash fee charged the customer.\n\n8\n\nIf any oral or written representation of estimated or projected customer earnings is given by the invention developer, a statement of such projection or estimation and a description of the data upon which it is based.\n\n9\n\nA statement as to whether or not the invention developer or any officer thereof is licensed to practice law in any jurisdiction or is a registered patent agent with the United States Patent and Trademark Office.\n\n10\n\nThe name and address of the custodian of all records and correspondence pertaining to the contracted for invention development services, and a statement that the invention developer is required to maintain all records and correspondence relating to performance of the invention development services for that customer for a period of not less than two years after expiration of the term of the contract for invention development services, which records and correspondence will be made available to the customer or his representative for review and copying at the customer’s reasonable expense on the invention developer’s premises during normal business hours upon seven days’ written notice.\n\n11\n\nA statement setting forth a time schedule for performance of the invention development services, including an estimated date by which performance of the invention development services is expected to be completed.\n\n","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":1390469,"text":"Every contract for invention development services shall set forth in boldface type of not less than ten-point size all of the following:","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1,"next_prefix":"1"},"1":{"id":1390470,"text":"The terms and conditions of payment required by § 59.1-209.","type":"section","prefixes":["1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"1","prefix_anchor":"1","level":1,"prior_prefix":"","next_prefix":"2"},"2":{"id":1390471,"text":"A full, clear and concise description of the specific acts or services that the invention developer undertakes to perform for the customer; and, to the extent that the description of the specific acts or services affords discretion in the invention developer as to what specific acts or services will be performed, the invention developer shall be deemed a fiduciary.","type":"section","prefixes":["2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"2","prefix_anchor":"2","level":1,"prior_prefix":"1","next_prefix":"3"},"3":{"id":1390472,"text":"A statement as to whether the invention developer undertakes to construct, sell or distribute one or more prototypes, models or devices embodying the customer’s invention.","type":"section","prefixes":["3"],"prefix":"3","entire_prefix":"3","prefix_anchor":"3","level":1,"prior_prefix":"2","next_prefix":"4"},"4":{"id":1390473,"text":"The full name and principal place of business of the invention developer and the name and principal place of business of any parent, subsidiary or affiliated company that may engage in performing any of the invention development services.","type":"section","prefixes":["4"],"prefix":"4","entire_prefix":"4","prefix_anchor":"4","level":1,"prior_prefix":"3","next_prefix":"5"},"5":{"id":1390474,"text":"The names and addresses of the persons and organizations, other than employees of the invention developer, that may perform any of the invention development services.","type":"section","prefixes":["5"],"prefix":"5","entire_prefix":"5","prefix_anchor":"5","level":1,"prior_prefix":"4","next_prefix":"6"},"6":{"id":1390475,"text":"A statement of the fee charged, and the proposed specific application of the proceeds of such fee by the invention developer, including but not limited to the approximate portion that will be expended for services relating to patent matters, and all portions of the fee that represent sales commissions, incentive payments, finder’s fees, or any amounts intended to compensate any agent, employee, salesman or other person for procuring the customer.","type":"section","prefixes":["6"],"prefix":"6","entire_prefix":"6","prefix_anchor":"6","level":1,"prior_prefix":"5","next_prefix":"7"},"7":{"id":1390476,"text":"A statement as to whether the invention developer intends to expend more for the invention development services than the cash fee charged the customer.","type":"section","prefixes":["7"],"prefix":"7","entire_prefix":"7","prefix_anchor":"7","level":1,"prior_prefix":"6","next_prefix":"8"},"8":{"id":1390477,"text":"If any oral or written representation of estimated or projected customer earnings is given by the invention developer, a statement of such projection or estimation and a description of the data upon which it is based.","type":"section","prefixes":["8"],"prefix":"8","entire_prefix":"8","prefix_anchor":"8","level":1,"prior_prefix":"7","next_prefix":"9"},"9":{"id":1390478,"text":"A statement as to whether or not the invention developer or any officer thereof is licensed to practice law in any jurisdiction or is a registered patent agent with the United States Patent and Trademark Office.","type":"section","prefixes":["9"],"prefix":"9","entire_prefix":"9","prefix_anchor":"9","level":1,"prior_prefix":"8","next_prefix":"10"},"10":{"id":1390479,"text":"The name and address of the custodian of all records and correspondence pertaining to the contracted for invention development services, and a statement that the invention developer is required to maintain all records and correspondence relating to performance of the invention development services for that customer for a period of not less than two years after expiration of the term of the contract for invention development services, which records and correspondence will be made available to the customer or his representative for review and copying at the customer’s reasonable expense on the invention developer’s premises during normal business hours upon seven days’ written notice.","type":"section","prefixes":["10"],"prefix":"10","entire_prefix":"10","prefix_anchor":"10","level":1,"prior_prefix":"9","next_prefix":"11"},"11":{"id":1390480,"text":"A statement setting forth a time schedule for performance of the invention development services, including an estimated date by which performance of the invention development services is expected to be completed.","type":"section","prefixes":["11"],"prefix":"11","entire_prefix":"11","prefix_anchor":"11","level":1,"prior_prefix":"10"}},"ancestry":[{"id":53038,"edition_id":2,"name":"Regulation of Invention Development Services","identifier":"18","label":"chapter","depth":2,"order_by":36,"parent_id":53010,"metadata":{"child_laws":8,"child_structures":0},"date_created":"2026-08-02 03:10:12","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:36:27","permalink":{"id":1487059,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":53038,"identifier":"18","token":"59.1\/18","url":"\/59.1\/18\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":53010,"edition_id":2,"name":"Trade and Commerce","identifier":"59.1","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":127,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{"child_laws":861,"child_structures":141},"date_created":"2026-08-02 03:09:52","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:36:19","permalink":{"id":1486523,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":53010,"identifier":"59.1","token":"59.1","url":"\/59.1\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":372807,"structure_id":53038,"section_number":"59.1-208","catch_line":"Definitions","url":"\/59.1-208\/","token":"59.1\/18\/59.1-208","metadata":false},{"id":372808,"structure_id":53038,"section_number":"59.1-209","catch_line":"Contracting requirements","url":"\/59.1-209\/","token":"59.1\/18\/59.1-209","metadata":false},{"id":372839,"structure_id":53038,"section_number":"59.1-210","catch_line":"Standard provisions for cover notice","url":"\/59.1-210\/","token":"59.1\/18\/59.1-210","metadata":false},{"id":372840,"structure_id":53038,"section_number":"59.1-211","catch_line":"Interest in inventions prohibited","url":"\/59.1-211\/","token":"59.1\/18\/59.1-211","metadata":false},{"id":372841,"structure_id":53038,"section_number":"59.1-212","catch_line":"Reports to customer required","url":"\/59.1-212\/","token":"59.1\/18\/59.1-212","metadata":false},{"id":372842,"structure_id":53038,"section_number":"59.1-213","catch_line":"Mandatory contract terms","url":"\/59.1-213\/","token":"59.1\/18\/59.1-213","metadata":false},{"id":372843,"structure_id":53038,"section_number":"59.1-214","catch_line":"Remedies","url":"\/59.1-214\/","token":"59.1\/18\/59.1-214","metadata":false},{"id":372848,"structure_id":53038,"section_number":"59.1-215","catch_line":"Enforcement; civil penalty; restraint of violations","url":"\/59.1-215\/","token":"59.1\/18\/59.1-215","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":372841,"structure_id":53038,"section_number":"59.1-212","catch_line":"Reports to customer required","url":"\/59.1-212\/","token":"59.1\/18\/59.1-212","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":372843,"structure_id":53038,"section_number":"59.1-214","catch_line":"Remedies","url":"\/59.1-214\/","token":"59.1\/18\/59.1-214","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/59.1-213\/","history_text":"

This law was first created in 1977. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 649 of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. Unfortunately, the 1977 \u201cActs\u201d aren\u2019t available online.<\/p>","references":[{"id":372841,"section_number":"59.1-212","catch_line":"Reports to customer required","order_by":null,"url":"\/59.1-212\/"}],"refers_to":[{"id":372808,"section_number":"59.1-209","catch_line":"Contracting requirements","order_by":null,"url":"\/59.1-209\/"}],"permalink":{"id":1487081,"object_type":"law","relational_id":372842,"identifier":"59.1-213","token":"59.1\/18\/59.1-213","url":"\/59.1-213\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/59.1-213\/","token":"59.1\/18\/59.1-213","dublin_core":{"Title":"Mandatory contract terms","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 59.1-213","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

Every contract for invention development services<\/span> shall set forth in boldface type of not less than ten-point size all of the following:<\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> The terms and conditions of payment required by § 59.1-209<\/a>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> A full, clear and concise description of the specific acts or services that the invention developer<\/span> undertakes to perform for the customer<\/span>; and, to the extent that the description of the specific acts or services affords discretion in the invention developer<\/span> as to what specific acts or services will be performed, the invention developer<\/span> shall be deemed a fiduciary. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

3.<\/span> A statement as to whether the invention developer<\/span> undertakes to construct, sell or distribute one or more prototypes, models or devices embodying the customer<\/span>’s invention. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

4.<\/span> The full name and principal place of business of the invention developer<\/span> and the name and principal place of business of any parent, subsidiary or affiliated company that may engage in performing any of the invention development services<\/span>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

5.<\/span> The names and addresses of the persons and organizations, other than employees of the invention developer<\/span>, that may perform any of the invention development services<\/span>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

6.<\/span> A statement of the fee charged, and the proposed specific application of the proceeds of such fee by the invention developer<\/span>, including but not limited to the approximate portion that will be expended for services relating to patent matters, and all portions of the fee that represent sales commissions, incentive payments, finder’s fees, or any amounts intended to compensate any agent, employee, salesman or other person for procuring the customer<\/span>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

7.<\/span> A statement as to whether the invention developer<\/span> intends to expend more for the invention development services<\/span> than the cash fee charged the customer<\/span>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

8.<\/span> If any oral or written representation of estimated or projected customer<\/span> earnings is given by the invention developer<\/span>, a statement of such projection or estimation and a description of the data upon which it is based. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

9.<\/span> A statement as to whether or not the invention developer<\/span> or any officer thereof is licensed to practice law<\/span> in any jurisdiction<\/span> or is a registered patent agent with the United States Patent and Trademark Office. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

10.<\/span> The name and address of the custodian of all records and correspondence pertaining to the contracted for invention development services<\/span>, and a statement that the invention developer<\/span> is required to maintain all records and correspondence relating to performance of the invention development services<\/span> for that customer<\/span> for a period of not less than two years after expiration of the term of the contract for invention development services<\/span>, which records and correspondence will be made available to the customer<\/span> or his representative for review and copying at the customer<\/span>’s reasonable expense on the invention developer<\/span>’s premises during normal business hours upon seven days’ written notice. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

11.<\/span> A statement setting forth a time schedule for performance of the invention development services<\/span>, including an estimated date by which performance of the invention development services<\/span> is expected to be completed. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nMANDATORY CONTRACT TERMS (\u00a7 59.1-213)\n\nEvery contract for invention development services shall set forth in boldface\ntype of not less than ten-point size all of the following:\n\n1. The terms and conditions of payment required by § 59.1-209.\n\n2. A full, clear and concise description of the specific acts or services that\nthe invention developer undertakes to perform for the customer; and, to the\nextent that the description of the specific acts or services affords discretion\nin the invention developer as to what specific acts or services will be\nperformed, the invention developer shall be deemed a fiduciary.\n\n3. A statement as to whether the invention developer undertakes to construct,\nsell or distribute one or more prototypes, models or devices embodying the\ncustomer’s invention.\n\n4. The full name and principal place of business of the invention developer and\nthe name and principal place of business of any parent, subsidiary or affiliated\ncompany that may engage in performing any of the invention development services.\n\n5. The names and addresses of the persons and organizations, other than\nemployees of the invention developer, that may perform any of the invention\ndevelopment services.\n\n6. A statement of the fee charged, and the proposed specific application of the\nproceeds of such fee by the invention developer, including but not limited to\nthe approximate portion that will be expended for services relating to patent\nmatters, and all portions of the fee that represent sales commissions, incentive\npayments, finder’s fees, or any amounts intended to compensate any agent,\nemployee, salesman or other person for procuring the customer.\n\n7. A statement as to whether the invention developer intends to expend more for\nthe invention development services than the cash fee charged the customer.\n\n8. If any oral or written representation of estimated or projected customer\nearnings is given by the invention developer, a statement of such projection or\nestimation and a description of the data upon which it is based.\n\n9. A statement as to whether or not the invention developer or any officer\nthereof is licensed to practice law in any jurisdiction or is a registered\npatent agent with the United States Patent and Trademark Office.\n\n10. The name and address of the custodian of all records and correspondence\npertaining to the contracted for invention development services, and a statement\nthat the invention developer is required to maintain all records and\ncorrespondence relating to performance of the invention development services for\nthat customer for a period of not less than two years after expiration of the\nterm of the contract for invention development services, which records and\ncorrespondence will be made available to the customer or his representative for\nreview and copying at the customer’s reasonable expense on the invention\ndeveloper’s premises during normal business hours upon seven days’\nwritten notice.\n\n11. A statement setting forth a time schedule for performance of the invention\ndevelopment services, including an estimated date by which performance of the\ninvention development services is expected to be completed.\n\nHISTORY: 1977, c. 649.","edition":{"id":2,"name":"2026","slug":"2026","date_created":"2026-07-16 18:40:23","date_modified":"2026-08-02 15:14:36","current":1,"order_by":2,"last_import":"2026-08-02 12:37:30"}}