{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-json\/59.1-501.3.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-text\/59.1-501.3.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-xml\/59.1-501.3.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-html\/59.1-501.3.html"}],"law_id":373227,"edition_id":2,"section_id":373227,"structure_id":53120,"section_number":"59.1-501.3","catch_line":"Scope; exclusions","history":"2000, cc. 101, 996; 2001, c. 763; 2004, c. 794; 2011, c. 369.","full_text":"a\n\nThis chapter applies to computer information transactions.\n\nb\n\nExcept for subject matter excluded in subsection (d), if a computer information transaction includes subject matter other than computer information or subject matter excluded under subsection (d), the following rules apply:\n\n1\n\nIf a transaction includes computer information and goods, this chapter applies to the part of the transaction involving computer information, informational rights in it, and creation or modification of it. However, if a copy of a computer program is contained in and sold or leased as part of goods, this chapter applies to the copy and the computer program only if:\n\nA\n\nthe goods are a computer or computer peripheral; or\n\nB\n\ngiving the buyer or lessee of the goods access to or use of the program is ordinarily a material purpose of transactions in goods of the type sold or leased.\n\n2\n\nSubject to subsection (d)(2)(A), if a transaction includes an agreement for creating or for obtaining rights to create computer information and a motion picture, this chapter does not apply to the agreement if the dominant character of the agreement is for creating or obtaining rights to create a motion picture. In all other such agreements, this chapter does not apply to the part of the agreement that involves a motion picture excluded under subsection (d)(2), but does apply to the computer information.\n\n3\n\nIn all other cases, this chapter applies to the entire transaction if the computer information and informational rights, or access to them, is the primary subject matter, but otherwise applies only to the part of the transaction involving computer information, informational rights in it, and creation or modification of it.\n\nc\n\nTo the extent of a conflict between this chapter and Title 8.9A, Title 8.9A governs.\n\nd\n\nThis chapter does not apply to:\n\n1\n\na financial services transaction;\n\n2\n\nan insurance services transaction;\n\n3\n\nan agreement to create, perform or perform in, include information in, acquire, use, distribute, modify, reproduce, have access to, adapt, make available, transmit, license, or display:\n\nA\n\na motion picture or audio or visual programming other than in (i) a mass-market transaction or (ii) a submission of an idea or information or release of informational rights that may result in making a motion picture or a similar information product; or\n\nB\n\nsound recording, musical work, or phonorecord as defined or used in Title 17 of the United States Code as of July 1, 1999, or an enhanced sound recording, other than in the submission of an idea or information or release of informational rights that may result in the creation of such material or a similar information product.\n\n4\n\na compulsory license;\n\n5\n\na contract of employment of an individual, other than an individual hired as an independent contractor, unless such independent contractor is a freelancer in the news reporting industry as that term is commonly understood in that industry;\n\n6\n\na contract that does not require that information be furnished as computer information or in which under the agreement the form of the information as computer information is otherwise insignificant with respect to the primary subject matter of the part of the transaction pertaining to the information;\n\n7\n\nunless otherwise agreed in a record between the parties:\n\nA\n\ntelecommunications products or services provided pursuant to federal or state tariffs; or\n\nB\n\ntelecommunications products or services provided pursuant to agreements required or permitted to be filed by the service provider with a federal or state authority regulating these services or under pricing subject to approval by a federal or state regulatory authority; or\n\n8\n\nsubject matter within the scope of Titles 8.3, 8.4, 8.4A, 8.5A, 8.7, or 8.8A.\n\ne\n\nAs used in subsection (d)(2)(B), “enhanced sound recording” means a separately identifiable product or service the dominant character of which consists of recorded sounds but which includes (i) statements or instructions whose purpose is to allow or control the perception, reproduction, or communication of those sounds or (ii) other information so long as recorded sounds constitute the dominant character of the product or service despite the inclusion of the other information.\n\nf\n\nAs used in this section, “motion picture” means:\n\n1\n\n“motion picture” as defined in Title 17 of the United States Code as of July 1, 1999; or\n\n2\n\na separately identifiable product or service the dominant character of which consists of a linear motion picture, but which includes (i) statements or instructions whose purpose is to allow or control the perception, reproduction, or communication of the motion picture or (ii) other information so long as the motion picture constitutes the dominant character of the product or service despite the inclusion of the other information.\n\ng\n\nAs used in this section, “audio or visual programming” means audio or visual programming that is provided by broadcast, satellite, or cable as defined or used in the federal Communications Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. § 151 et seq.) and related regulations as they existed on July 1, 1999, or by similar methods of delivery.\n\n","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":1392559,"text":"This chapter applies to computer information transactions.","type":"section","prefixes":["a"],"prefix":"a","entire_prefix":"a","prefix_anchor":"a","level":1,"next_prefix":"b"},"1":{"id":1392560,"text":"Except for subject matter excluded in subsection (d), if a computer information transaction includes subject matter other than computer information or subject matter excluded under subsection (d), the following rules apply:","type":"section","prefixes":["b"],"prefix":"b","entire_prefix":"b","prefix_anchor":"b","level":1,"prior_prefix":"a","next_prefix":"b1"},"2":{"id":1392561,"text":"If a transaction includes computer information and goods, this chapter applies to the part of the transaction involving computer information, informational rights in it, and creation or modification of it. However, if a copy of a computer program is contained in and sold or leased as part of goods, this chapter applies to the copy and the computer program only if:","type":"section","prefixes":["b","1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"b1","prefix_anchor":"b1","level":2,"prior_prefix":"b","next_prefix":"A"},"3":{"id":1392562,"text":"the goods are a computer or computer peripheral; or","type":"section","prefixes":["A"],"prefix":"A","entire_prefix":"A","prefix_anchor":"A","level":1,"prior_prefix":"b1","next_prefix":"B"},"4":{"id":1392563,"text":"giving the buyer or lessee of the goods access to or use of the program is ordinarily a material purpose of transactions in goods of the type sold or leased.","type":"section","prefixes":["B"],"prefix":"B","entire_prefix":"B","prefix_anchor":"B","level":1,"prior_prefix":"A","next_prefix":"B2"},"5":{"id":1392564,"text":"Subject to subsection (d)(2)(A), if a transaction includes an agreement for creating or for obtaining rights to create computer information and a motion picture, this chapter does not apply to the agreement if the dominant character of the agreement is for creating or obtaining rights to create a motion picture. In all other such agreements, this chapter does not apply to the part of the agreement that involves a motion picture excluded under subsection (d)(2), but does apply to the computer information.","type":"section","prefixes":["B","2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"B2","prefix_anchor":"B2","level":2,"prior_prefix":"B","next_prefix":"B3"},"6":{"id":1392565,"text":"In all other cases, this chapter applies to the entire transaction if the computer information and informational rights, or access to them, is the primary subject matter, but otherwise applies only to the part of the transaction involving computer information, informational rights in it, and creation or modification of it.","type":"section","prefixes":["B","3"],"prefix":"3","entire_prefix":"B3","prefix_anchor":"B3","level":2,"prior_prefix":"B2","next_prefix":"c"},"7":{"id":1392566,"text":"To the extent of a conflict between this chapter and Title 8.9A, Title 8.9A governs.","type":"section","prefixes":["c"],"prefix":"c","entire_prefix":"c","prefix_anchor":"c","level":1,"prior_prefix":"B3","next_prefix":"d"},"8":{"id":1392567,"text":"This chapter does not apply to:","type":"section","prefixes":["d"],"prefix":"d","entire_prefix":"d","prefix_anchor":"d","level":1,"prior_prefix":"c","next_prefix":"d1"},"9":{"id":1392568,"text":"a financial services transaction;","type":"section","prefixes":["d","1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"d1","prefix_anchor":"d1","level":2,"prior_prefix":"d","next_prefix":"d2"},"10":{"id":1392569,"text":"an insurance services transaction;","type":"section","prefixes":["d","2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"d2","prefix_anchor":"d2","level":2,"prior_prefix":"d1","next_prefix":"d3"},"11":{"id":1392570,"text":"an agreement to create, perform or perform in, include information in, acquire, use, distribute, modify, reproduce, have access to, adapt, make available, transmit, license, or display:","type":"section","prefixes":["d","3"],"prefix":"3","entire_prefix":"d3","prefix_anchor":"d3","level":2,"prior_prefix":"d2","next_prefix":"A"},"12":{"id":1392571,"text":"a motion picture or audio or visual programming other than in (i) a mass-market transaction or (ii) a submission of an idea or information or release of informational rights that may result in making a motion picture or a similar information product; or","type":"section","prefixes":["A"],"prefix":"A","entire_prefix":"A","prefix_anchor":"A","level":1,"prior_prefix":"d3","next_prefix":"B"},"13":{"id":1392572,"text":"sound recording, musical work, or phonorecord as defined or used in Title 17 of the United States Code as of July 1, 1999, or an enhanced sound recording, other than in the submission of an idea or information or release of informational rights that may result in the creation of such material or a similar information product.","type":"section","prefixes":["B"],"prefix":"B","entire_prefix":"B","prefix_anchor":"B","level":1,"prior_prefix":"A","next_prefix":"B4"},"14":{"id":1392573,"text":"a compulsory license;","type":"section","prefixes":["B","4"],"prefix":"4","entire_prefix":"B4","prefix_anchor":"B4","level":2,"prior_prefix":"B","next_prefix":"B5"},"15":{"id":1392574,"text":"a contract of employment of an individual, other than an individual hired as an independent contractor, unless such independent contractor is a freelancer in the news reporting industry as that term is commonly understood in that industry;","type":"section","prefixes":["B","5"],"prefix":"5","entire_prefix":"B5","prefix_anchor":"B5","level":2,"prior_prefix":"B4","next_prefix":"B6"},"16":{"id":1392575,"text":"a contract that does not require that information be furnished as computer information or in which under the agreement the form of the information as computer information is otherwise insignificant with respect to the primary subject matter of the part of the transaction pertaining to the information;","type":"section","prefixes":["B","6"],"prefix":"6","entire_prefix":"B6","prefix_anchor":"B6","level":2,"prior_prefix":"B5","next_prefix":"B7"},"17":{"id":1392576,"text":"unless otherwise agreed in a record between the parties:","type":"section","prefixes":["B","7"],"prefix":"7","entire_prefix":"B7","prefix_anchor":"B7","level":2,"prior_prefix":"B6","next_prefix":"A"},"18":{"id":1392577,"text":"telecommunications products or services provided pursuant to federal or state tariffs; or","type":"section","prefixes":["A"],"prefix":"A","entire_prefix":"A","prefix_anchor":"A","level":1,"prior_prefix":"B7","next_prefix":"B"},"19":{"id":1392578,"text":"telecommunications products or services provided pursuant to agreements required or permitted to be filed by the service provider with a federal or state authority regulating these services or under pricing subject to approval by a federal or state regulatory authority; or","type":"section","prefixes":["B"],"prefix":"B","entire_prefix":"B","prefix_anchor":"B","level":1,"prior_prefix":"A","next_prefix":"B8"},"20":{"id":1392579,"text":"subject matter within the scope of Titles 8.3, 8.4, 8.4A, 8.5A, 8.7, or 8.8A.","type":"section","prefixes":["B","8"],"prefix":"8","entire_prefix":"B8","prefix_anchor":"B8","level":2,"prior_prefix":"B","next_prefix":"e"},"21":{"id":1392580,"text":"As used in subsection (d)(2)(B), “enhanced sound recording” means a separately identifiable product or service the dominant character of which consists of recorded sounds but which includes (i) statements or instructions whose purpose is to allow or control the perception, reproduction, or communication of those sounds or (ii) other information so long as recorded sounds constitute the dominant character of the product or service despite the inclusion of the other information.","type":"section","prefixes":["e"],"prefix":"e","entire_prefix":"e","prefix_anchor":"e","level":1,"prior_prefix":"B8","next_prefix":"f"},"22":{"id":1392581,"text":"As used in this section, “motion picture” means:","type":"section","prefixes":["f"],"prefix":"f","entire_prefix":"f","prefix_anchor":"f","level":1,"prior_prefix":"e","next_prefix":"f1"},"23":{"id":1392582,"text":"“motion picture” as defined in Title 17 of the United States Code as of July 1, 1999; or","type":"section","prefixes":["f","1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"f1","prefix_anchor":"f1","level":2,"prior_prefix":"f","next_prefix":"f2"},"24":{"id":1392583,"text":"a separately identifiable product or service the dominant character of which consists of a linear motion picture, but which includes (i) statements or instructions whose purpose is to allow or control the perception, reproduction, or communication of the motion picture or (ii) other information so long as the motion picture constitutes the dominant character of the product or service despite the inclusion of the other information.","type":"section","prefixes":["f","2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"f2","prefix_anchor":"f2","level":2,"prior_prefix":"f1","next_prefix":"g"},"25":{"id":1392584,"text":"As used in this section, “audio or visual programming” means audio or visual programming that is provided by broadcast, satellite, or cable as defined or used in the federal Communications Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. § 151 et seq.) and related regulations as they existed on July 1, 1999, or by similar methods of delivery.","type":"section","prefixes":["g"],"prefix":"g","entire_prefix":"g","prefix_anchor":"g","level":1,"prior_prefix":"f2"}},"ancestry":[{"id":53120,"edition_id":2,"name":"General Provisions","identifier":"1","label":"article","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":53119,"metadata":{"child_laws":21,"child_structures":0},"date_created":"2026-08-02 03:11:05","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:36:34","permalink":{"id":1488889,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":53120,"identifier":"1","token":"59.1\/43\/1","url":"\/59.1\/43\/1\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":53119,"edition_id":2,"name":"Uniform Computer Information Transactions Act","identifier":"43","label":"chapter","depth":2,"order_by":80,"parent_id":53010,"metadata":{"child_laws":121,"child_structures":9},"date_created":"2026-08-02 03:11:05","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:36:34","permalink":{"id":1488887,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":53119,"identifier":"43","token":"59.1\/43","url":"\/59.1\/43\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":53010,"edition_id":2,"name":"Trade and Commerce","identifier":"59.1","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":127,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{"child_laws":861,"child_structures":141},"date_created":"2026-08-02 03:09:52","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:36:19","permalink":{"id":1486523,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":53010,"identifier":"59.1","token":"59.1","url":"\/59.1\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":373214,"structure_id":53120,"section_number":"59.1-501.1","catch_line":"Title","url":"\/59.1-501.1\/","token":"59.1\/43\/1\/59.1-501.1","metadata":false},{"id":373215,"structure_id":53120,"section_number":"59.1-501.10","catch_line":"Contractual choice of forum","url":"\/59.1-501.10\/","token":"59.1\/43\/1\/59.1-501.10","metadata":false},{"id":373216,"structure_id":53120,"section_number":"59.1-501.11","catch_line":"Unconscionable contract or term","url":"\/59.1-501.11\/","token":"59.1\/43\/1\/59.1-501.11","metadata":false},{"id":373217,"structure_id":53120,"section_number":"59.1-501.12","catch_line":"Manifesting assent","url":"\/59.1-501.12\/","token":"59.1\/43\/1\/59.1-501.12","metadata":false},{"id":373218,"structure_id":53120,"section_number":"59.1-501.13","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/59.1-501.13\/","token":"59.1\/43\/1\/59.1-501.13","metadata":false},{"id":373219,"structure_id":53120,"section_number":"59.1-501.13:1","catch_line":"Opportunity to review","url":"\/59.1-501.13_1\/","token":"59.1\/43\/1\/59.1-501.13_1","metadata":false},{"id":373220,"structure_id":53120,"section_number":"59.1-501.14","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/59.1-501.14\/","token":"59.1\/43\/1\/59.1-501.14","metadata":false},{"id":373221,"structure_id":53120,"section_number":"59.1-501.14:1","catch_line":"Pretransaction disclosures in Internet-type transactions","url":"\/59.1-501.14_1\/","token":"59.1\/43\/1\/59.1-501.14_1","metadata":false},{"id":373222,"structure_id":53120,"section_number":"59.1-501.15","catch_line":"Variation by agreement; commercial practice","url":"\/59.1-501.15\/","token":"59.1\/43\/1\/59.1-501.15","metadata":false},{"id":373223,"structure_id":53120,"section_number":"59.1-501.16","catch_line":"Supplemental principles; good faith; commercial practice","url":"\/59.1-501.16\/","token":"59.1\/43\/1\/59.1-501.16","metadata":false},{"id":373224,"structure_id":53120,"section_number":"59.1-501.17","catch_line":"Decision for court; legal consequences; reasonable time; reason to know","url":"\/59.1-501.17\/","token":"59.1\/43\/1\/59.1-501.17","metadata":false},{"id":373225,"structure_id":53120,"section_number":"59.1-501.18","catch_line":"Reserved","url":"\/59.1-501.18\/","token":"59.1\/43\/1\/59.1-501.18","metadata":false},{"id":373226,"structure_id":53120,"section_number":"59.1-501.2","catch_line":"Definitions","url":"\/59.1-501.2\/","token":"59.1\/43\/1\/59.1-501.2","metadata":false},{"id":373227,"structure_id":53120,"section_number":"59.1-501.3","catch_line":"Scope; exclusions","url":"\/59.1-501.3\/","token":"59.1\/43\/1\/59.1-501.3","metadata":false},{"id":373228,"structure_id":53120,"section_number":"59.1-501.4","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/59.1-501.4\/","token":"59.1\/43\/1\/59.1-501.4","metadata":false},{"id":373229,"structure_id":53120,"section_number":"59.1-501.4:1","catch_line":"Consumer protection law governs","url":"\/59.1-501.4_1\/","token":"59.1\/43\/1\/59.1-501.4_1","metadata":false},{"id":373230,"structure_id":53120,"section_number":"59.1-501.5","catch_line":"Relation to federal law; fundamental public policy; transactions subject to other state law","url":"\/59.1-501.5\/","token":"59.1\/43\/1\/59.1-501.5","metadata":false},{"id":373231,"structure_id":53120,"section_number":"59.1-501.6","catch_line":"Rule of construction","url":"\/59.1-501.6\/","token":"59.1\/43\/1\/59.1-501.6","metadata":false},{"id":373232,"structure_id":53120,"section_number":"59.1-501.7","catch_line":"Legal recognition of electronic record and authentication; use of electronic agents","url":"\/59.1-501.7\/","token":"59.1\/43\/1\/59.1-501.7","metadata":false},{"id":373233,"structure_id":53120,"section_number":"59.1-501.8","catch_line":"Proof and effect of authentication","url":"\/59.1-501.8\/","token":"59.1\/43\/1\/59.1-501.8","metadata":false},{"id":373234,"structure_id":53120,"section_number":"59.1-501.9","catch_line":"Choice of law","url":"\/59.1-501.9\/","token":"59.1\/43\/1\/59.1-501.9","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":373226,"structure_id":53120,"section_number":"59.1-501.2","catch_line":"Definitions","url":"\/59.1-501.2\/","token":"59.1\/43\/1\/59.1-501.2","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":373228,"structure_id":53120,"section_number":"59.1-501.4","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/59.1-501.4\/","token":"59.1\/43\/1\/59.1-501.4","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/59.1-501.3\/","history_text":"

This law was first created in 2000. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapters 101<\/a> and 996<\/a> of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. It has been modified 3 times. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. Those modifications are as follows: in 2001, chapter 763<\/a>; in 2004, chapter 794<\/a>; in 2011, chapter 369<\/a>.<\/p>","references":false,"refers_to":false,"permalink":{"id":1488943,"object_type":"law","relational_id":373227,"identifier":"59.1-501.3","token":"59.1\/43\/1\/59.1-501.3","url":"\/59.1-501.3\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/59.1-501.3\/","token":"59.1\/43\/1\/59.1-501.3","dublin_core":{"Title":"Scope; exclusions","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 59.1-501.3","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

a.<\/span> This chapter applies to computer information transactions. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

b.<\/span> Except for subject matter excluded in subsection (d), if a computer information transaction includes subject matter other than computer information or subject matter excluded under subsection (d), the following rules apply: <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> If a transaction includes computer information and goods, this chapter applies to the part of the transaction involving computer information, informational rights in it, and creation or modification of it. However, if a copy of a computer program is contained in and sold or leased as part of goods, this chapter applies to the copy and the computer program only if: <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

A.<\/span> the goods are a computer or computer peripheral; or <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

B.<\/span> giving the buyer or lessee of the goods access to or use of the program is ordinarily a material<\/span> purpose of transactions in goods of the type sold or leased. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> Subject to subsection (d)(2)(A), if a transaction includes an agreement for creating or for obtaining rights to create computer information and a motion<\/span> picture, this chapter does not apply to the agreement if the dominant character of the agreement is for creating or obtaining rights to create a motion<\/span> picture. In all other such agreements, this chapter does not apply to the part of the agreement that involves a motion<\/span> picture excluded under subsection (d)(2), but does apply to the computer information. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

3.<\/span> In all other cases, this chapter applies to the entire transaction if the computer information and informational rights, or access to them, is the primary subject matter, but otherwise applies only to the part of the transaction involving computer information, informational rights in it, and creation or modification of it. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

c.<\/span> To the extent of a conflict between this chapter and Title 8.9A, Title 8.9A governs. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

d.<\/span> This chapter does not apply to: <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> a financial services transaction; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> an insurance services transaction; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

3.<\/span> an agreement to create, perform or perform in, include information in, acquire, use, distribute, modify, reproduce, have access to, adapt, make available, transmit, license, or display: <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

A.<\/span> a motion<\/span> picture or audio or visual programming<\/span> other than in (i) a mass-market transaction or (ii) a submission of an idea or information or release of informational rights that may result in making a motion<\/span> picture or a similar information product; or <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

B.<\/span> sound recording, musical work, or phonorecord as defined or used in Title 17 of the United States Code as of July 1, 1999, or an enhanced sound recording<\/span>, other than in the submission of an idea or information or release of informational rights that may result in the creation of such material<\/span> or a similar information product. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

4.<\/span> a compulsory license; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

5.<\/span> a contract<\/span> of employment of an individual, other than an individual hired as an independent contractor, unless such independent contractor is a freelancer in the news reporting industry as that term is commonly understood in that industry; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

6.<\/span> a contract<\/span> that does not require that information be furnished as computer information or in which under the agreement the form of the information as computer information is otherwise insignificant with respect to the primary subject matter of the part of the transaction pertaining to the information; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

7.<\/span> unless otherwise agreed in a record between the parties: <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

A.<\/span> telecommunications products or services provided pursuant to federal or state tariffs; or <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

B.<\/span> telecommunications products or services provided pursuant to agreements required or permitted to be filed by the service provider with a federal or state authority regulating these services or under pricing subject to approval by a federal or state regulatory authority; or <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

8.<\/span> subject matter within the scope of Titles 8.3, 8.4, 8.4A, 8.5A, 8.7, or 8.8A. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

e.<\/span> As used in subsection (d)(2)(B), “enhanced sound recording<\/span>” means a separately identifiable product or service the dominant character of which consists of recorded sounds but which includes (i) statements or instructions whose purpose is to allow or control the perception, reproduction, or communication of those sounds or (ii) other information so long as recorded sounds constitute the dominant character of the product or service despite the inclusion of the other information. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

f.<\/span> As used in this section, “motion<\/span> picture” means: <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> “motion<\/span> picture” as defined in Title 17 of the United States Code as of July 1, 1999; or <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> a separately identifiable product or service the dominant character of which consists of a linear motion<\/span> picture, but which includes (i) statements or instructions whose purpose is to allow or control the perception, reproduction, or communication of the motion<\/span> picture or (ii) other information so long as the motion<\/span> picture constitutes the dominant character of the product or service despite the inclusion of the other information. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

g.<\/span> As used in this section, “audio or visual programming<\/span>” means audio or visual programming<\/span> that is provided by broadcast, satellite, or cable as defined or used in the federal Communications Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. § 151 et seq.) and related regulations as they existed on July 1, 1999, or by similar methods of delivery. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nSCOPE; EXCLUSIONS (\u00a7 59.1-501.3)\n\na. This chapter applies to computer information transactions.\n\nb. Except for subject matter excluded in subsection (d), if a computer\ninformation transaction includes subject matter other than computer information\nor subject matter excluded under subsection (d), the following rules apply:\n\n 1. If a transaction includes computer information and goods, this chapter\n applies to the part of the transaction involving computer information,\n informational rights in it, and creation or modification of it. However, if a\n copy of a computer program is contained in and sold or leased as part of\n goods, this chapter applies to the copy and the computer program only if:\n\nA. the goods are a computer or computer peripheral; or\n\nB. giving the buyer or lessee of the goods access to or use of the program is\nordinarily a material purpose of transactions in goods of the type sold or\nleased.\n\n 2. Subject to subsection (d)(2)(A), if a transaction includes an agreement for\n creating or for obtaining rights to create computer information and a motion\n picture, this chapter does not apply to the agreement if the dominant\n character of the agreement is for creating or obtaining rights to create a\n motion picture. In all other such agreements, this chapter does not apply to\n the part of the agreement that involves a motion picture excluded under\n subsection (d)(2), but does apply to the computer information.\n\n 3. In all other cases, this chapter applies to the entire transaction if the\n computer information and informational rights, or access to them, is the\n primary subject matter, but otherwise applies only to the part of the\n transaction involving computer information, informational rights in it, and\n creation or modification of it.\n\nc. To the extent of a conflict between this chapter and Title 8.9A, Title 8.9A\ngoverns.\n\nd. This chapter does not apply to:\n\n 1. a financial services transaction;\n\n 2. an insurance services transaction;\n\n 3. an agreement to create, perform or perform in, include information in,\n acquire, use, distribute, modify, reproduce, have access to, adapt, make\n available, transmit, license, or display:\n\nA. a motion picture or audio or visual programming other than in (i) a\nmass-market transaction or (ii) a submission of an idea or information or\nrelease of informational rights that may result in making a motion picture or a\nsimilar information product; or\n\nB. sound recording, musical work, or phonorecord as defined or used in Title 17\nof the United States Code as of July 1, 1999, or an enhanced sound recording,\nother than in the submission of an idea or information or release of\ninformational rights that may result in the creation of such material or a\nsimilar information product.\n\n 4. a compulsory license;\n\n 5. a contract of employment of an individual, other than an individual hired\n as an independent contractor, unless such independent contractor is a\n freelancer in the news reporting industry as that term is commonly understood\n in that industry;\n\n 6. a contract that does not require that information be furnished as computer\n information or in which under the agreement the form of the information as\n computer information is otherwise insignificant with respect to the primary\n subject matter of the part of the transaction pertaining to the information;\n\n 7. unless otherwise agreed in a record between the parties:\n\nA. telecommunications products or services provided pursuant to federal or state\ntariffs; or\n\nB. telecommunications products or services provided pursuant to agreements\nrequired or permitted to be filed by the service provider with a federal or\nstate authority regulating these services or under pricing subject to approval\nby a federal or state regulatory authority; or\n\n 8. subject matter within the scope of Titles 8.3, 8.4, 8.4A, 8.5A, 8.7, or\n 8.8A.\n\ne. As used in subsection (d)(2)(B), “enhanced sound recording” means\na separately identifiable product or service the dominant character of which\nconsists of recorded sounds but which includes (i) statements or instructions\nwhose purpose is to allow or control the perception, reproduction, or\ncommunication of those sounds or (ii) other information so long as recorded\nsounds constitute the dominant character of the product or service despite the\ninclusion of the other information.\n\nf. As used in this section, “motion picture” means:\n\n 1. “motion picture” as defined in Title 17 of the United States\n Code as of July 1, 1999; or\n\n 2. a separately identifiable product or service the dominant character of\n which consists of a linear motion picture, but which includes (i) statements\n or instructions whose purpose is to allow or control the perception,\n reproduction, or communication of the motion picture or (ii) other information\n so long as the motion picture constitutes the dominant character of the\n product or service despite the inclusion of the other information.\n\ng. As used in this section, “audio or visual programming” means\naudio or visual programming that is provided by broadcast, satellite, or cable\nas defined or used in the federal Communications Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. §\n151 et seq.) and related regulations as they existed on July 1, 1999, or by\nsimilar methods of delivery.\n\nHISTORY: 2000, cc. 101, 996; 2001, c. 763; 2004, c. 794; 2011, c. 369.","edition":{"id":2,"name":"2026","slug":"2026","date_created":"2026-07-16 18:40:23","date_modified":"2026-08-02 15:14:36","current":1,"order_by":2,"last_import":"2026-08-02 12:37:30"}}