{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-json\/59.1-9.5.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-text\/59.1-9.5.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-xml\/59.1-9.5.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-html\/59.1-9.5.html"}],"law_id":373479,"edition_id":2,"section_id":373479,"structure_id":53150,"section_number":"59.1-9.5","catch_line":"Contracts, etc., in restraint of trade unlawful","history":"1974, c. 545.","full_text":"Every contract, combination or conspiracy in restraint of trade or commerce of this Commonwealth is unlawful.\n\n","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":1393923,"text":"Every contract, combination or conspiracy in restraint of trade or commerce of this Commonwealth is unlawful.","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1}},"ancestry":[{"id":53150,"edition_id":2,"name":"Virginia Antitrust Act","identifier":"1.1","label":"chapter","depth":2,"order_by":2,"parent_id":53010,"metadata":{"child_laws":18,"child_structures":0},"date_created":"2026-08-02 03:11:36","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:36:19","permalink":{"id":1486531,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":53150,"identifier":"1.1","token":"59.1\/1.1","url":"\/59.1\/1.1\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":53010,"edition_id":2,"name":"Trade and Commerce","identifier":"59.1","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":127,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{"child_laws":861,"child_structures":141},"date_created":"2026-08-02 03:09:52","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:36:19","permalink":{"id":1486523,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":53010,"identifier":"59.1","token":"59.1","url":"\/59.1\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":373466,"structure_id":53150,"section_number":"59.1-9.1","catch_line":"Short title","url":"\/59.1-9.1\/","token":"59.1\/1.1\/59.1-9.1","metadata":false},{"id":373467,"structure_id":53150,"section_number":"59.1-9.10","catch_line":"Investigation by Attorney General of suspected violations; civil investigative demand to witnesses; access to business records, etc","url":"\/59.1-9.10\/","token":"59.1\/1.1\/59.1-9.10","metadata":false},{"id":373468,"structure_id":53150,"section_number":"59.1-9.11","catch_line":"Penalty for flagrant violations","url":"\/59.1-9.11\/","token":"59.1\/1.1\/59.1-9.11","metadata":false},{"id":373469,"structure_id":53150,"section_number":"59.1-9.12","catch_line":"Personal suit for injunction or actual damages","url":"\/59.1-9.12\/","token":"59.1\/1.1\/59.1-9.12","metadata":false},{"id":373470,"structure_id":53150,"section_number":"59.1-9.13","catch_line":"Effect of conviction in other proceedings","url":"\/59.1-9.13\/","token":"59.1\/1.1\/59.1-9.13","metadata":false},{"id":373471,"structure_id":53150,"section_number":"59.1-9.14","catch_line":"Limitation of actions","url":"\/59.1-9.14\/","token":"59.1\/1.1\/59.1-9.14","metadata":false},{"id":373472,"structure_id":53150,"section_number":"59.1-9.15","catch_line":"Actions on behalf of Commonwealth or localities; injunctive and other equitable relief; damages","url":"\/59.1-9.15\/","token":"59.1\/1.1\/59.1-9.15","metadata":false},{"id":373473,"structure_id":53150,"section_number":"59.1-9.16","catch_line":"Remedies cumulative","url":"\/59.1-9.16\/","token":"59.1\/1.1\/59.1-9.16","metadata":false},{"id":373474,"structure_id":53150,"section_number":"59.1-9.17","catch_line":"Construction of chapter","url":"\/59.1-9.17\/","token":"59.1\/1.1\/59.1-9.17","metadata":false},{"id":373475,"structure_id":53150,"section_number":"59.1-9.18","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/59.1-9.18\/","token":"59.1\/1.1\/59.1-9.18","metadata":false},{"id":373476,"structure_id":53150,"section_number":"59.1-9.2","catch_line":"Purpose of chapter","url":"\/59.1-9.2\/","token":"59.1\/1.1\/59.1-9.2","metadata":false},{"id":373477,"structure_id":53150,"section_number":"59.1-9.3","catch_line":"Definitions","url":"\/59.1-9.3\/","token":"59.1\/1.1\/59.1-9.3","metadata":false},{"id":373478,"structure_id":53150,"section_number":"59.1-9.4","catch_line":"Certain activities not prohibited","url":"\/59.1-9.4\/","token":"59.1\/1.1\/59.1-9.4","metadata":false},{"id":373479,"structure_id":53150,"section_number":"59.1-9.5","catch_line":"Contracts, etc., in restraint of trade unlawful","url":"\/59.1-9.5\/","token":"59.1\/1.1\/59.1-9.5","metadata":false},{"id":373480,"structure_id":53150,"section_number":"59.1-9.6","catch_line":"Monopolies unlawful","url":"\/59.1-9.6\/","token":"59.1\/1.1\/59.1-9.6","metadata":false},{"id":373481,"structure_id":53150,"section_number":"59.1-9.7","catch_line":"Discriminatory practices unlawful; proof; payment or acceptance of certain commissions, etc., unlawful","url":"\/59.1-9.7\/","token":"59.1\/1.1\/59.1-9.7","metadata":false},{"id":373482,"structure_id":53150,"section_number":"59.1-9.8","catch_line":"Forum; restraining orders and injunctions; penalties","url":"\/59.1-9.8\/","token":"59.1\/1.1\/59.1-9.8","metadata":false},{"id":373483,"structure_id":53150,"section_number":"59.1-9.9","catch_line":"Venue","url":"\/59.1-9.9\/","token":"59.1\/1.1\/59.1-9.9","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":373478,"structure_id":53150,"section_number":"59.1-9.4","catch_line":"Certain activities not prohibited","url":"\/59.1-9.4\/","token":"59.1\/1.1\/59.1-9.4","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":373480,"structure_id":53150,"section_number":"59.1-9.6","catch_line":"Monopolies unlawful","url":"\/59.1-9.6\/","token":"59.1\/1.1\/59.1-9.6","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/59.1-9.5\/","history_text":"<p>This law was first created in 1974. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 545 of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. Unfortunately, the 1974 \u201cActs\u201d aren\u2019t available online.<\/p>","references":false,"refers_to":false,"permalink":{"id":1486585,"object_type":"law","relational_id":373479,"identifier":"59.1-9.5","token":"59.1\/1.1\/59.1-9.5","url":"\/59.1-9.5\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/59.1-9.5\/","token":"59.1\/1.1\/59.1-9.5","dublin_core":{"Title":"Contracts, etc., in restraint of trade unlawful","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 59.1-9.5","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section><p>Every <span class=\"dictionary\">contract<\/span>, combination or conspiracy in restraint of trade or <span class=\"dictionary\">commerce<\/span> of this Commonwealth is unlawful.<\/p><\/section>","plain_text":"                                 CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nCONTRACTS, ETC., IN RESTRAINT OF TRADE UNLAWFUL (\u00a7 59.1-9.5)\n\nEvery contract, combination or conspiracy in restraint of trade or commerce of\nthis Commonwealth is unlawful.\n\nHISTORY: 1974, c. 545.","edition":{"id":2,"name":"2026","slug":"2026","date_created":"2026-07-16 18:40:23","date_modified":"2026-08-02 15:14:36","current":1,"order_by":2,"last_import":"2026-08-02 12:37:30"}}