{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-json\/6.2-2048.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-text\/6.2-2048.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-xml\/6.2-2048.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-html\/6.2-2048.html"}],"law_id":374090,"edition_id":2,"section_id":374090,"structure_id":53199,"section_number":"6.2-2048","catch_line":"Private right of action","history":"2020, c. 785.","full_text":"Any person who suffers loss by reason of a violation of any provision of this chapter may bring a civil action to enforce such provision. Any person who is successful in such action shall recover reasonable attorney fees, expert witness fees, and court costs incurred by bringing such action.\n\n","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":1396498,"text":"Any person who suffers loss by reason of a violation of any provision of this chapter may bring a civil action to enforce such provision. Any person who is successful in such action shall recover reasonable attorney fees, expert witness fees, and court costs incurred by bringing such action.","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1}},"ancestry":[{"id":53199,"edition_id":2,"name":"Debt Settlement Services Providers","identifier":"20.1","label":"chapter","depth":3,"order_by":8,"parent_id":53187,"metadata":{"child_laws":25,"child_structures":0},"date_created":"2026-08-02 03:12:48","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:28:08","permalink":{"id":1493733,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":53199,"identifier":"20.1","token":"6.2\/III\/20.1","url":"\/6.2\/III\/20.1\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":53187,"edition_id":2,"name":"Other Regulated Providers of Financial Services","identifier":"III","label":"subtitle","depth":2,"order_by":3,"parent_id":53152,"metadata":{"child_laws":332,"child_structures":12},"date_created":"2026-08-02 03:12:17","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:28:07","permalink":{"id":1492723,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":53187,"identifier":"III","token":"6.2\/III","url":"\/6.2\/III\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":53152,"edition_id":2,"name":"Financial Institutions and Services","identifier":"6.2","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":10,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{"child_laws":961,"child_structures":89},"date_created":"2026-08-02 03:11:41","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:27:53","permalink":{"id":1490251,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":53152,"identifier":"6.2","token":"6.2","url":"\/6.2\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":374066,"structure_id":53199,"section_number":"6.2-2026","catch_line":"Definitions","url":"\/6.2-2026\/","token":"6.2\/III\/20.1\/6.2-2026","metadata":false},{"id":374067,"structure_id":53199,"section_number":"6.2-2027","catch_line":"License requirement; exceptions","url":"\/6.2-2027\/","token":"6.2\/III\/20.1\/6.2-2027","metadata":false},{"id":374068,"structure_id":53199,"section_number":"6.2-2028","catch_line":"Application for license; form; content; fee","url":"\/6.2-2028\/","token":"6.2\/III\/20.1\/6.2-2028","metadata":false},{"id":374069,"structure_id":53199,"section_number":"6.2-2029","catch_line":"Bond required","url":"\/6.2-2029\/","token":"6.2\/III\/20.1\/6.2-2029","metadata":false},{"id":374071,"structure_id":53199,"section_number":"6.2-2030","catch_line":"Investigation of applications","url":"\/6.2-2030\/","token":"6.2\/III\/20.1\/6.2-2030","metadata":false},{"id":374072,"structure_id":53199,"section_number":"6.2-2031","catch_line":"Qualifications","url":"\/6.2-2031\/","token":"6.2\/III\/20.1\/6.2-2031","metadata":false},{"id":374073,"structure_id":53199,"section_number":"6.2-2032","catch_line":"Licenses; places of business; changes","url":"\/6.2-2032\/","token":"6.2\/III\/20.1\/6.2-2032","metadata":false},{"id":374074,"structure_id":53199,"section_number":"6.2-2033","catch_line":"Acquisition of control; application","url":"\/6.2-2033\/","token":"6.2\/III\/20.1\/6.2-2033","metadata":false},{"id":374075,"structure_id":53199,"section_number":"6.2-2034","catch_line":"Retention of books, accounts, and records; responding to Bureau","url":"\/6.2-2034\/","token":"6.2\/III\/20.1\/6.2-2034","metadata":false},{"id":374076,"structure_id":53199,"section_number":"6.2-2035","catch_line":"Annual report","url":"\/6.2-2035\/","token":"6.2\/III\/20.1\/6.2-2035","metadata":false},{"id":374077,"structure_id":53199,"section_number":"6.2-2036","catch_line":"Other reporting requirements","url":"\/6.2-2036\/","token":"6.2\/III\/20.1\/6.2-2036","metadata":false},{"id":374078,"structure_id":53199,"section_number":"6.2-2037","catch_line":"Investigations; examinations","url":"\/6.2-2037\/","token":"6.2\/III\/20.1\/6.2-2037","metadata":false},{"id":374079,"structure_id":53199,"section_number":"6.2-2038","catch_line":"Annual fees","url":"\/6.2-2038\/","token":"6.2\/III\/20.1\/6.2-2038","metadata":{"court_decisions":""}},{"id":374080,"structure_id":53199,"section_number":"6.2-2039","catch_line":"Regulations","url":"\/6.2-2039\/","token":"6.2\/III\/20.1\/6.2-2039","metadata":false},{"id":374082,"structure_id":53199,"section_number":"6.2-2040","catch_line":"Licensees providing debt settlement services; prohibited and required business methods","url":"\/6.2-2040\/","token":"6.2\/III\/20.1\/6.2-2040","metadata":false},{"id":374083,"structure_id":53199,"section_number":"6.2-2041","catch_line":"Fee","url":"\/6.2-2041\/","token":"6.2\/III\/20.1\/6.2-2041","metadata":{"court_decisions":""}},{"id":374084,"structure_id":53199,"section_number":"6.2-2042","catch_line":"Advertising","url":"\/6.2-2042\/","token":"6.2\/III\/20.1\/6.2-2042","metadata":false},{"id":374085,"structure_id":53199,"section_number":"6.2-2043","catch_line":"Suspension or revocation of license","url":"\/6.2-2043\/","token":"6.2\/III\/20.1\/6.2-2043","metadata":false},{"id":374086,"structure_id":53199,"section_number":"6.2-2044","catch_line":"Cease and desist orders","url":"\/6.2-2044\/","token":"6.2\/III\/20.1\/6.2-2044","metadata":false},{"id":374087,"structure_id":53199,"section_number":"6.2-2045","catch_line":"Notice of proposed suspension or revocation","url":"\/6.2-2045\/","token":"6.2\/III\/20.1\/6.2-2045","metadata":false},{"id":374088,"structure_id":53199,"section_number":"6.2-2046","catch_line":"Civil penalties","url":"\/6.2-2046\/","token":"6.2\/III\/20.1\/6.2-2046","metadata":false},{"id":374089,"structure_id":53199,"section_number":"6.2-2047","catch_line":"Criminal penalty","url":"\/6.2-2047\/","token":"6.2\/III\/20.1\/6.2-2047","metadata":false},{"id":374090,"structure_id":53199,"section_number":"6.2-2048","catch_line":"Private right of action","url":"\/6.2-2048\/","token":"6.2\/III\/20.1\/6.2-2048","metadata":false},{"id":374091,"structure_id":53199,"section_number":"6.2-2049","catch_line":"Authority of Attorney General; referral by Commission to Attorney General","url":"\/6.2-2049\/","token":"6.2\/III\/20.1\/6.2-2049","metadata":false},{"id":374092,"structure_id":53199,"section_number":"6.2-2050","catch_line":"Violation of the Virginia Consumer Protection Act","url":"\/6.2-2050\/","token":"6.2\/III\/20.1\/6.2-2050","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":374089,"structure_id":53199,"section_number":"6.2-2047","catch_line":"Criminal penalty","url":"\/6.2-2047\/","token":"6.2\/III\/20.1\/6.2-2047","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":374091,"structure_id":53199,"section_number":"6.2-2049","catch_line":"Authority of Attorney General; referral by Commission to Attorney General","url":"\/6.2-2049\/","token":"6.2\/III\/20.1\/6.2-2049","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/6.2-2048\/","history_text":"<p>This law was first created in 2020. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter <a href=\"https:\/\/legacylis.virginia.gov\/cgi-bin\/legp604.exe?201+ful+CHAP0785\">785<\/a> of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year.<\/p>","references":false,"refers_to":false,"permalink":{"id":1493823,"object_type":"law","relational_id":374090,"identifier":"6.2-2048","token":"6.2\/III\/20.1\/6.2-2048","url":"\/6.2-2048\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/6.2-2048\/","token":"6.2\/III\/20.1\/6.2-2048","dublin_core":{"Title":"Private right of action","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 6.2-2048","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section><p>Any <span class=\"dictionary\">person<\/span> who suffers loss by reason of a violation of any provision of this chapter may bring a <span class=\"dictionary\">civil action<\/span> to enforce such provision. Any <span class=\"dictionary\">person<\/span> who is successful in such action shall recover reasonable attorney fees, <span class=\"dictionary\">expert witness<\/span> fees, and <span class=\"dictionary\">court<\/span> costs incurred by bringing such action.<\/p><\/section>","plain_text":"                                 CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nPRIVATE RIGHT OF ACTION (\u00a7 6.2-2048)\n\nAny person who suffers loss by reason of a violation of any provision of this\nchapter may bring a civil action to enforce such provision. Any person who is\nsuccessful in such action shall recover reasonable attorney fees, expert witness\nfees, and court costs incurred by bringing such action.\n\nHISTORY: 2020, c. 785.","edition":{"id":2,"name":"2026","slug":"2026","date_created":"2026-07-16 18:40:23","date_modified":"2026-08-02 15:14:36","current":1,"order_by":2,"last_import":"2026-08-02 12:37:30"}}