{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-json\/6.2-2224.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-text\/6.2-2224.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-xml\/6.2-2224.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-html\/6.2-2224.html"}],"law_id":374137,"edition_id":2,"section_id":374137,"structure_id":53201,"section_number":"6.2-2224","catch_line":"Validity of noncompliant loan agreement; private right of action","history":"2010, c. 477, \u00a7 6.1-504; 2020, cc. 1215, 1258.","full_text":"A\n\nIf any provision of a motor vehicle title loan agreement violates a requirement of this chapter, such provision shall be unenforceable against the borrower.\n\nB\n\nAny person who suffers loss by reason of a violation of any provision of this chapter may bring a civil action to enforce such provision. Any person who is successful in such action shall recover reasonable attorney fees, expert witness fees, and court costs incurred by bringing such action.\n\n","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":1396696,"text":"If any provision of a motor vehicle title loan agreement violates a requirement of this chapter, such provision shall be unenforceable against the borrower.","type":"section","prefixes":["A"],"prefix":"A","entire_prefix":"A","prefix_anchor":"A","level":1,"next_prefix":"B"},"1":{"id":1396697,"text":"Any person who suffers loss by reason of a violation of any provision of this chapter may bring a civil action to enforce such provision. Any person who is successful in such action shall recover reasonable attorney fees, expert witness fees, and court costs incurred by bringing such action.","type":"section","prefixes":["B"],"prefix":"B","entire_prefix":"B","prefix_anchor":"B","level":1,"prior_prefix":"A"}},"ancestry":[{"id":53201,"edition_id":2,"name":"Motor Vehicle Title Loans","identifier":"22","label":"chapter","depth":3,"order_by":9,"parent_id":53187,"metadata":{"child_laws":35,"child_structures":0},"date_created":"2026-08-02 03:12:53","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:28:09","permalink":{"id":1493889,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":53201,"identifier":"22","token":"6.2\/III\/22","url":"\/6.2\/III\/22\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":53187,"edition_id":2,"name":"Other Regulated Providers of Financial Services","identifier":"III","label":"subtitle","depth":2,"order_by":3,"parent_id":53152,"metadata":{"child_laws":332,"child_structures":12},"date_created":"2026-08-02 03:12:17","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:28:07","permalink":{"id":1492723,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":53187,"identifier":"III","token":"6.2\/III","url":"\/6.2\/III\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":53152,"edition_id":2,"name":"Financial Institutions and Services","identifier":"6.2","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":10,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{"child_laws":961,"child_structures":89},"date_created":"2026-08-02 03:11:41","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:27:53","permalink":{"id":1490251,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":53152,"identifier":"6.2","token":"6.2","url":"\/6.2\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":374106,"structure_id":53201,"section_number":"6.2-2200","catch_line":"Definitions","url":"\/6.2-2200\/","token":"6.2\/III\/22\/6.2-2200","metadata":false},{"id":374107,"structure_id":53201,"section_number":"6.2-2201","catch_line":"License required","url":"\/6.2-2201\/","token":"6.2\/III\/22\/6.2-2201","metadata":false},{"id":374108,"structure_id":53201,"section_number":"6.2-2202","catch_line":"Scope of chapter","url":"\/6.2-2202\/","token":"6.2\/III\/22\/6.2-2202","metadata":false},{"id":374109,"structure_id":53201,"section_number":"6.2-2203","catch_line":"Application for license; form; content; fee","url":"\/6.2-2203\/","token":"6.2\/III\/22\/6.2-2203","metadata":false},{"id":374110,"structure_id":53201,"section_number":"6.2-2204","catch_line":"Bond required","url":"\/6.2-2204\/","token":"6.2\/III\/22\/6.2-2204","metadata":false},{"id":374111,"structure_id":53201,"section_number":"6.2-2205","catch_line":"Investigation of applications","url":"\/6.2-2205\/","token":"6.2\/III\/22\/6.2-2205","metadata":false},{"id":374112,"structure_id":53201,"section_number":"6.2-2206","catch_line":"Qualifications","url":"\/6.2-2206\/","token":"6.2\/III\/22\/6.2-2206","metadata":false},{"id":374113,"structure_id":53201,"section_number":"6.2-2207","catch_line":"Licenses; places of business; changes","url":"\/6.2-2207\/","token":"6.2\/III\/22\/6.2-2207","metadata":false},{"id":374114,"structure_id":53201,"section_number":"6.2-2208","catch_line":"Acquisition of control; application","url":"\/6.2-2208\/","token":"6.2\/III\/22\/6.2-2208","metadata":false},{"id":374115,"structure_id":53201,"section_number":"6.2-2209","catch_line":"Retention of books, accounts, and records","url":"\/6.2-2209\/","token":"6.2\/III\/22\/6.2-2209","metadata":{"court_decisions":""}},{"id":374116,"structure_id":53201,"section_number":"6.2-2210","catch_line":"Annual report","url":"\/6.2-2210\/","token":"6.2\/III\/22\/6.2-2210","metadata":false},{"id":374117,"structure_id":53201,"section_number":"6.2-2211","catch_line":"Other reporting requirements","url":"\/6.2-2211\/","token":"6.2\/III\/22\/6.2-2211","metadata":{"court_decisions":""}},{"id":374118,"structure_id":53201,"section_number":"6.2-2212","catch_line":"Investigations; examinations","url":"\/6.2-2212\/","token":"6.2\/III\/22\/6.2-2212","metadata":false},{"id":374119,"structure_id":53201,"section_number":"6.2-2213","catch_line":"Annual fees","url":"\/6.2-2213\/","token":"6.2\/III\/22\/6.2-2213","metadata":false},{"id":374120,"structure_id":53201,"section_number":"6.2-2214","catch_line":"Regulations","url":"\/6.2-2214\/","token":"6.2\/III\/22\/6.2-2214","metadata":false},{"id":374122,"structure_id":53201,"section_number":"6.2-2215","catch_line":"Required and prohibited business methods","url":"\/6.2-2215\/","token":"6.2\/III\/22\/6.2-2215","metadata":{"court_decisions":""}},{"id":374121,"structure_id":53201,"section_number":"6.2-2215.1","catch_line":"Loan terms and conditions","url":"\/6.2-2215.1\/","token":"6.2\/III\/22\/6.2-2215.1","metadata":false},{"id":374128,"structure_id":53201,"section_number":"6.2-2216","catch_line":"Authorized fees and charges","url":"\/6.2-2216\/","token":"6.2\/III\/22\/6.2-2216","metadata":false},{"id":374123,"structure_id":53201,"section_number":"6.2-2216.1","catch_line":"Inflation adjustment of maximum monthly maintenance fee","url":"\/6.2-2216.1\/","token":"6.2\/III\/22\/6.2-2216.1","metadata":false},{"id":374124,"structure_id":53201,"section_number":"6.2-2216.2","catch_line":"Refinancing of motor vehicle title loan","url":"\/6.2-2216.2\/","token":"6.2\/III\/22\/6.2-2216.2","metadata":false},{"id":374125,"structure_id":53201,"section_number":"6.2-2216.3","catch_line":"Statement of balance due; repayment and refunds","url":"\/6.2-2216.3\/","token":"6.2\/III\/22\/6.2-2216.3","metadata":false},{"id":374126,"structure_id":53201,"section_number":"6.2-2216.4","catch_line":"Restriction on certain fees and charges","url":"\/6.2-2216.4\/","token":"6.2\/III\/22\/6.2-2216.4","metadata":{"court_decisions":""}},{"id":374127,"structure_id":53201,"section_number":"6.2-2216.5","catch_line":"Verification of borrower's income","url":"\/6.2-2216.5\/","token":"6.2\/III\/22\/6.2-2216.5","metadata":false},{"id":374129,"structure_id":53201,"section_number":"6.2-2217","catch_line":"Limited recourse; repossession and sale of motor vehicle","url":"\/6.2-2217\/","token":"6.2\/III\/22\/6.2-2217","metadata":false},{"id":374131,"structure_id":53201,"section_number":"6.2-2218","catch_line":"Advertising","url":"\/6.2-2218\/","token":"6.2\/III\/22\/6.2-2218","metadata":false},{"id":374130,"structure_id":53201,"section_number":"6.2-2218.1","catch_line":"Other business","url":"\/6.2-2218.1\/","token":"6.2\/III\/22\/6.2-2218.1","metadata":{"court_decisions":""}},{"id":374132,"structure_id":53201,"section_number":"6.2-2219","catch_line":"Suspension or revocation of license","url":"\/6.2-2219\/","token":"6.2\/III\/22\/6.2-2219","metadata":false},{"id":374133,"structure_id":53201,"section_number":"6.2-2220","catch_line":"Cease and desist orders","url":"\/6.2-2220\/","token":"6.2\/III\/22\/6.2-2220","metadata":false},{"id":374134,"structure_id":53201,"section_number":"6.2-2221","catch_line":"Notice of proposed suspension or revocation","url":"\/6.2-2221\/","token":"6.2\/III\/22\/6.2-2221","metadata":false},{"id":374135,"structure_id":53201,"section_number":"6.2-2222","catch_line":"Fines for violations","url":"\/6.2-2222\/","token":"6.2\/III\/22\/6.2-2222","metadata":false},{"id":374136,"structure_id":53201,"section_number":"6.2-2223","catch_line":"Criminal penalty","url":"\/6.2-2223\/","token":"6.2\/III\/22\/6.2-2223","metadata":false},{"id":374137,"structure_id":53201,"section_number":"6.2-2224","catch_line":"Validity of noncompliant loan agreement; private right of action","url":"\/6.2-2224\/","token":"6.2\/III\/22\/6.2-2224","metadata":false},{"id":374138,"structure_id":53201,"section_number":"6.2-2225","catch_line":"Application of chapter to Internet loans","url":"\/6.2-2225\/","token":"6.2\/III\/22\/6.2-2225","metadata":false},{"id":374139,"structure_id":53201,"section_number":"6.2-2226","catch_line":"Authority of Attorney General; referral by Commission to Attorney General","url":"\/6.2-2226\/","token":"6.2\/III\/22\/6.2-2226","metadata":false},{"id":374140,"structure_id":53201,"section_number":"6.2-2227","catch_line":"Violation of the Virginia Consumer Protection Act","url":"\/6.2-2227\/","token":"6.2\/III\/22\/6.2-2227","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":374136,"structure_id":53201,"section_number":"6.2-2223","catch_line":"Criminal penalty","url":"\/6.2-2223\/","token":"6.2\/III\/22\/6.2-2223","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":374138,"structure_id":53201,"section_number":"6.2-2225","catch_line":"Application of chapter to Internet loans","url":"\/6.2-2225\/","token":"6.2\/III\/22\/6.2-2225","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/6.2-2224\/","history_text":"<p>This law was first created in 2010. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter <a href=\"https:\/\/legacylis.virginia.gov\/cgi-bin\/legp604.exe?101+ful+CHAP0477\">477<\/a> of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. It has been modified 1 time. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. That modification is as follows: in 2020, chapters <a href=\"https:\/\/legacylis.virginia.gov\/cgi-bin\/legp604.exe?201+ful+CHAP1215\">1215<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/legacylis.virginia.gov\/cgi-bin\/legp604.exe?201+ful+CHAP1258\">1258<\/a>.<\/p>","references":false,"refers_to":false,"permalink":{"id":1494015,"object_type":"law","relational_id":374137,"identifier":"6.2-2224","token":"6.2\/III\/22\/6.2-2224","url":"\/6.2-2224\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/6.2-2224\/","token":"6.2\/III\/22\/6.2-2224","dublin_core":{"Title":"Validity of noncompliant loan agreement; private right of action","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 6.2-2224","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"A\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">A.<\/span> If any provision of a <span class=\"dictionary\">motor vehicle title loan agreement<\/span> violates a requirement of this chapter, such provision shall be unenforceable against the borrower. <a id=\"paragraph-1396696\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/6.2-2224\/#A\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"B\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">B.<\/span> Any <span class=\"dictionary\">person<\/span> who suffers loss by reason of a violation of any provision of this chapter may bring a <span class=\"dictionary\">civil action<\/span> to enforce such provision. Any <span class=\"dictionary\">person<\/span> who is successful in such action shall recover reasonable attorney fees, <span class=\"dictionary\">expert witness<\/span> fees, and <span class=\"dictionary\">court<\/span> costs incurred by bringing such action. <a id=\"paragraph-1396697\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/6.2-2224\/#B\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":"                                 CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nVALIDITY OF NONCOMPLIANT LOAN AGREEMENT; PRIVATE RIGHT OF ACTION (\u00a7 6.2-2224)\n\nA. If any provision of a motor vehicle title loan agreement violates a\nrequirement of this chapter, such provision shall be unenforceable against the\nborrower.\n\nB. Any person who suffers loss by reason of a violation of any provision of this\nchapter may bring a civil action to enforce such provision. Any person who is\nsuccessful in such action shall recover reasonable attorney fees, expert witness\nfees, and court costs incurred by bringing such action.\n\nHISTORY: 2010, c. 477, \u00a7 6.1-504; 2020, cc. 1215, 1258.","edition":{"id":2,"name":"2026","slug":"2026","date_created":"2026-07-16 18:40:23","date_modified":"2026-08-02 15:14:36","current":1,"order_by":2,"last_import":"2026-08-02 12:37:30"}}