{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-json\/8.01-42.3.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-text\/8.01-42.3.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-xml\/8.01-42.3.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-html\/8.01-42.3.html"}],"law_id":377318,"edition_id":2,"section_id":377318,"structure_id":53611,"section_number":"8.01-42.3","catch_line":"Civil action for stalking","history":"2001, c. 444.","full_text":"A\n\nA victim has a civil cause of action against an individual who engaged in conduct that is prohibited under § 18.2-60.3, whether or not the individual has been charged or convicted for the alleged violation, for the compensatory damages incurred by the victim as a result of that conduct, in addition to the costs for bringing the action. If compensatory damages are awarded, a victim may also be awarded punitive damages.\n\nB\n\nAs used in this section:\n\t\t\t“Compensatory damages” includes damages for all of the defendant’s acts prohibited by § 18.2-60.3.\n\n\t\t\t“Victim” means a person who, because of the conduct of the defendant that is prohibited under § 18.2-60.3, was placed in reasonable fear of death, criminal sexual assault, or bodily injury to himself or to a minor child of whom the person is a parent or legal guardian.\n\nC\n\nNo action shall be commenced under this section more than two years after the most recent conduct prohibited under § 18.2-60.3.\n\n","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":1408109,"text":"A victim has a civil cause of action against an individual who engaged in conduct that is prohibited under § 18.2-60.3, whether or not the individual has been charged or convicted for the alleged violation, for the compensatory damages incurred by the victim as a result of that conduct, in addition to the costs for bringing the action. If compensatory damages are awarded, a victim may also be awarded punitive damages.","type":"section","prefixes":["A"],"prefix":"A","entire_prefix":"A","prefix_anchor":"A","level":1,"next_prefix":"B"},"1":{"id":1408110,"text":"As used in this section:\n\t\t\t“Compensatory damages” includes damages for all of the defendant’s acts prohibited by § 18.2-60.3.\t\t\t“Victim” means a person who, because of the conduct of the defendant that is prohibited under § 18.2-60.3, was placed in reasonable fear of death, criminal sexual assault, or bodily injury to himself or to a minor child of whom the person is a parent or legal guardian.","type":"section","prefixes":["B"],"prefix":"B","entire_prefix":"B","prefix_anchor":"B","level":1,"prior_prefix":"A","next_prefix":"C"},"2":{"id":1408111,"text":"No action shall be commenced under this section more than two years after the most recent conduct prohibited under § 18.2-60.3.","type":"section","prefixes":["C"],"prefix":"C","entire_prefix":"C","prefix_anchor":"C","level":1,"prior_prefix":"B"}},"ancestry":[{"id":53611,"edition_id":2,"name":"Injury to Person or Property","identifier":"3","label":"article","depth":3,"order_by":3,"parent_id":53562,"metadata":{"child_laws":32,"child_structures":0},"date_created":"2026-08-02 03:19:22","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:28:11","permalink":{"id":1507697,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":53611,"identifier":"3","token":"8.01\/3\/3","url":"\/8.01\/3\/3\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":53562,"edition_id":2,"name":"Actions","identifier":"3","label":"chapter","depth":2,"order_by":5,"parent_id":53558,"metadata":{"child_laws":357,"child_structures":31},"date_created":"2026-08-02 03:18:33","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:28:10","permalink":{"id":1506637,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":53562,"identifier":"3","token":"8.01\/3","url":"\/8.01\/3\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":53558,"edition_id":2,"name":"Civil Remedies and Procedure","identifier":"8.01","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":12,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{"child_laws":1095,"child_structures":142},"date_created":"2026-08-02 03:18:32","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:28:09","permalink":{"id":1504031,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":53558,"identifier":"8.01","token":"8.01","url":"\/8.01\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":377166,"structure_id":53611,"section_number":"8.01-34","catch_line":"When contribution among wrongdoers enforced","url":"\/8.01-34\/","token":"8.01\/3\/3\/8.01-34","metadata":false},{"id":377180,"structure_id":53611,"section_number":"8.01-35","catch_line":"Damages for loss of income not diminished by reimbursement","url":"\/8.01-35\/","token":"8.01\/3\/3\/8.01-35","metadata":false},{"id":377179,"structure_id":53611,"section_number":"8.01-35.1","catch_line":"Effect of release or covenant not to sue in respect to liability and contribution","url":"\/8.01-35.1\/","token":"8.01\/3\/3\/8.01-35.1","metadata":false},{"id":377193,"structure_id":53611,"section_number":"8.01-36","catch_line":"Joinder of action of tort to infant with action for recovery of expenses incurred thereby and claim for recovery of expenses by infant","url":"\/8.01-36\/","token":"8.01\/3\/3\/8.01-36","metadata":false},{"id":377205,"structure_id":53611,"section_number":"8.01-37","catch_line":"Recovery of lost wages in action for injuries to emancipated infant","url":"\/8.01-37\/","token":"8.01\/3\/3\/8.01-37","metadata":{"court_decisions":{"0":{"name":"Hutto v. Bic Corp.","case_number":"Civ. A. 91-644-N","citation":"800 F. Supp. 1367","date":"1992-08-07","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/1393546\/hutto-v-bic-corp\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. 800 F.Supp. 1367 (1992) .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"District Court, E.D. Virginia"}}}},{"id":377204,"structure_id":53611,"section_number":"8.01-37.1","catch_line":"Claims for medical services provided by United States; proof of reasonable value","url":"\/8.01-37.1\/","token":"8.01\/3\/3\/8.01-37.1","metadata":{"court_decisions":{"0":{"name":"Hutto v. Bic Corp.","case_number":"Civ. A. 91-644-N","citation":"800 F. Supp. 1367","date":"1992-08-07","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/1393546\/hutto-v-bic-corp\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. 800 F.Supp. 1367 (1992) .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"District Court, E.D. Virginia"}}}},{"id":377223,"structure_id":53611,"section_number":"8.01-38","catch_line":"Tort liability of hospitals","url":"\/8.01-38\/","token":"8.01\/3\/3\/8.01-38","metadata":false},{"id":377222,"structure_id":53611,"section_number":"8.01-38.1","catch_line":"Limitation on recovery of punitive damages","url":"\/8.01-38.1\/","token":"8.01\/3\/3\/8.01-38.1","metadata":false},{"id":377238,"structure_id":53611,"section_number":"8.01-39","catch_line":"Completion or acceptance of work not bar to action against independent contractor for personal injury, wrongful death or damage to property","url":"\/8.01-39\/","token":"8.01\/3\/3\/8.01-39","metadata":false},{"id":377265,"structure_id":53611,"section_number":"8.01-40","catch_line":"Unauthorized use of name or picture of any person; punitive damages; statute of limitations","url":"\/8.01-40\/","token":"8.01\/3\/3\/8.01-40","metadata":false},{"id":377260,"structure_id":53611,"section_number":"8.01-40.1","catch_line":"Action for injury resulting from violation of Computer Crimes Act; limitations","url":"\/8.01-40.1\/","token":"8.01\/3\/3\/8.01-40.1","metadata":false},{"id":377261,"structure_id":53611,"section_number":"8.01-40.2","catch_line":"Unsolicited transmission of advertising materials by facsimile machine","url":"\/8.01-40.2\/","token":"8.01\/3\/3\/8.01-40.2","metadata":false},{"id":377262,"structure_id":53611,"section_number":"8.01-40.3","catch_line":"Unauthorized dissemination, etc., of criminal history record information; civil action","url":"\/8.01-40.3\/","token":"8.01\/3\/3\/8.01-40.3","metadata":false},{"id":377263,"structure_id":53611,"section_number":"8.01-40.4","catch_line":"Civil action for unlawful creation of image of another or unlawful dissemination or sale of images of another","url":"\/8.01-40.4\/","token":"8.01\/3\/3\/8.01-40.4","metadata":false},{"id":377264,"structure_id":53611,"section_number":"8.01-40.5","catch_line":"Publishing or distributing material harmful to minors on the Internet","url":"\/8.01-40.5\/","token":"8.01\/3\/3\/8.01-40.5","metadata":false},{"id":377283,"structure_id":53611,"section_number":"8.01-41","catch_line":"Wrongful distraint, attachment","url":"\/8.01-41\/","token":"8.01\/3\/3\/8.01-41","metadata":false},{"id":377322,"structure_id":53611,"section_number":"8.01-42","catch_line":"Loss or injury to clothing in dyeing, dry cleaning, or laundering","url":"\/8.01-42\/","token":"8.01\/3\/3\/8.01-42","metadata":false},{"id":377316,"structure_id":53611,"section_number":"8.01-42.1","catch_line":"Civil action for racial, religious, or ethnic harassment, violence or vandalism","url":"\/8.01-42.1\/","token":"8.01\/3\/3\/8.01-42.1","metadata":false},{"id":377317,"structure_id":53611,"section_number":"8.01-42.2","catch_line":"Liability of guest for hotel damage","url":"\/8.01-42.2\/","token":"8.01\/3\/3\/8.01-42.2","metadata":false},{"id":377318,"structure_id":53611,"section_number":"8.01-42.3","catch_line":"Civil action for stalking","url":"\/8.01-42.3\/","token":"8.01\/3\/3\/8.01-42.3","metadata":false},{"id":377319,"structure_id":53611,"section_number":"8.01-42.4","catch_line":"Civil action for trafficking in persons","url":"\/8.01-42.4\/","token":"8.01\/3\/3\/8.01-42.4","metadata":false},{"id":377320,"structure_id":53611,"section_number":"8.01-42.5","catch_line":"Civil action for female genital mutilation","url":"\/8.01-42.5\/","token":"8.01\/3\/3\/8.01-42.5","metadata":false},{"id":377321,"structure_id":53611,"section_number":"8.01-42.6","catch_line":"Liability of employer for personal injury or death by wrongful act","url":"\/8.01-42.6\/","token":"8.01\/3\/3\/8.01-42.6","metadata":false},{"id":377347,"structure_id":53611,"section_number":"8.01-43","catch_line":"Action against parent for damage to public property by minor","url":"\/8.01-43\/","token":"8.01\/3\/3\/8.01-43","metadata":false},{"id":377366,"structure_id":53611,"section_number":"8.01-44","catch_line":"Action against parent for damage to private property by minor","url":"\/8.01-44\/","token":"8.01\/3\/3\/8.01-44","metadata":false},{"id":377359,"structure_id":53611,"section_number":"8.01-44.1","catch_line":"Immunity from civil liability of members of certain committees, etc","url":"\/8.01-44.1\/","token":"8.01\/3\/3\/8.01-44.1","metadata":false},{"id":377360,"structure_id":53611,"section_number":"8.01-44.2","catch_line":"Action against physician for vaccine-related injury or death","url":"\/8.01-44.2\/","token":"8.01\/3\/3\/8.01-44.2","metadata":false},{"id":377361,"structure_id":53611,"section_number":"8.01-44.3","catch_line":"Divulgence of communications by qualified interpreters and communications assistants","url":"\/8.01-44.3\/","token":"8.01\/3\/3\/8.01-44.3","metadata":false},{"id":377362,"structure_id":53611,"section_number":"8.01-44.4","catch_line":"Action for shoplifting and employee theft","url":"\/8.01-44.4\/","token":"8.01\/3\/3\/8.01-44.4","metadata":false},{"id":377363,"structure_id":53611,"section_number":"8.01-44.5","catch_line":"Punitive damages for persons injured by intoxicated drivers","url":"\/8.01-44.5\/","token":"8.01\/3\/3\/8.01-44.5","metadata":false},{"id":377364,"structure_id":53611,"section_number":"8.01-44.6","catch_line":"Action for injury to cemetery property","url":"\/8.01-44.6\/","token":"8.01\/3\/3\/8.01-44.6","metadata":false},{"id":377365,"structure_id":53611,"section_number":"8.01-44.7","catch_line":"Action for tampering with metering device and diverting service","url":"\/8.01-44.7\/","token":"8.01\/3\/3\/8.01-44.7","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":377317,"structure_id":53611,"section_number":"8.01-42.2","catch_line":"Liability of guest for hotel damage","url":"\/8.01-42.2\/","token":"8.01\/3\/3\/8.01-42.2","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":377319,"structure_id":53611,"section_number":"8.01-42.4","catch_line":"Civil action for trafficking in persons","url":"\/8.01-42.4\/","token":"8.01\/3\/3\/8.01-42.4","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/8.01-42.3\/","history_text":"

This law was first created in 2001. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 444<\/a> of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year.<\/p>","references":false,"refers_to":[{"id":351131,"section_number":"18.2-60.3","catch_line":"Stalking; penalty","order_by":null,"url":"\/18.2-60.3\/"}],"permalink":{"id":1507775,"object_type":"law","relational_id":377318,"identifier":"8.01-42.3","token":"8.01\/3\/3\/8.01-42.3","url":"\/8.01-42.3\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/8.01-42.3\/","token":"8.01\/3\/3\/8.01-42.3","dublin_core":{"Title":"Civil action for stalking","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 8.01-42.3","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

A.<\/span> A victim<\/span> has a civil cause of action<\/span> against an individual who engaged in conduct that is prohibited under § 18.2-60.3<\/a>, whether or not the individual has been charged or convicted for the alleged violation, for the compensatory damages<\/span> incurred by the victim<\/span> as a result of that conduct, in addition to the costs for bringing the action. If compensatory damages<\/span> are awarded, a victim<\/span> may also be awarded punitive damages. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

B.<\/span> As used in this section:\n\t\t\t“Compensatory damages<\/span>” includes damages for all of the defendant<\/span>’s acts prohibited by § 18.2-60.3<\/a>.

\t\t\t“Victim<\/span>” means a person<\/span> who, because of the conduct of the defendant<\/span> that is prohibited under § 18.2-60.3<\/a>, was placed in reasonable fear of death, criminal sexual assault<\/span>, or bodily injury to himself or to a minor<\/span> child of whom the person<\/span> is a parent or legal guardian. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

C.<\/span> No action shall be commenced under this section more than two years after the most recent conduct prohibited under § 18.2-60.3<\/a>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nCIVIL ACTION FOR STALKING (\u00a7 8.01-42.3)\n\nA. A victim has a civil cause of action against an individual who engaged in\nconduct that is prohibited under § 18.2-60.3, whether or not the individual\nhas been charged or convicted for the alleged violation, for the compensatory\ndamages incurred by the victim as a result of that conduct, in addition to the\ncosts for bringing the action. If compensatory damages are awarded, a victim may\nalso be awarded punitive damages.\n\nB. As used in this section:\n\t\t\t“Compensatory damages” includes damages for all of the\ndefendant’s acts prohibited by § 18.2-60.3.\t\t\t“Victim”\nmeans a person who, because of the conduct of the defendant that is prohibited\nunder § 18.2-60.3, was placed in reasonable fear of death, criminal sexual\nassault, or bodily injury to himself or to a minor child of whom the person is a\nparent or legal guardian.\n\nC. No action shall be commenced under this section more than two years after the\nmost recent conduct prohibited under § 18.2-60.3.\n\nHISTORY: 2001, c. 444.","edition":{"id":2,"name":"2026","slug":"2026","date_created":"2026-07-16 18:40:23","date_modified":"2026-08-02 15:14:36","current":1,"order_by":2,"last_import":"2026-08-02 12:37:30"}}