{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-json\/8.1A-103.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-text\/8.1A-103.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-xml\/8.1A-103.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-html\/8.1A-103.html"}],"law_id":377882,"edition_id":2,"section_id":377882,"structure_id":53710,"section_number":"8.1A-103","catch_line":"Construction of Uniform Commercial Code to promote its purposes and policies; applicability of supplemental principles of law","history":"Code 1950, \u00a7\u00a7 6-549, 13-183, 13.1-418, 61-2; 1956, c. 428; 1964, c. 219, \u00a7\u00a7 8.1-102, 8.1-103; 2003, c. 353.","full_text":"a\n\nThe Uniform Commercial Code shall be liberally construed and applied to promote its underlying purposes and policies, which are:\n\n1\n\nto simplify, clarify, and modernize the law governing commercial transactions;\n\n2\n\nto permit the continued expansion of commercial practices through custom, usage, and agreement of the parties; and\n\n3\n\nto make uniform the law among the various jurisdictions.\n\nb\n\nUnless displaced by the particular provisions of the Uniform Commercial Code, the principles of law and equity, including the law merchant and the law relative to capacity to contract, principal and agent, estoppel, fraud, misrepresentation, duress, coercion, mistake, bankruptcy, and other validating or invalidating cause supplement its provisions.\n\n","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":1409419,"text":"The Uniform Commercial Code shall be liberally construed and applied to promote its underlying purposes and policies, which are:","type":"section","prefixes":["a"],"prefix":"a","entire_prefix":"a","prefix_anchor":"a","level":1,"next_prefix":"a1"},"1":{"id":1409420,"text":"to simplify, clarify, and modernize the law governing commercial transactions;","type":"section","prefixes":["a","1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"a1","prefix_anchor":"a1","level":2,"prior_prefix":"a","next_prefix":"a2"},"2":{"id":1409421,"text":"to permit the continued expansion of commercial practices through custom, usage, and agreement of the parties; and","type":"section","prefixes":["a","2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"a2","prefix_anchor":"a2","level":2,"prior_prefix":"a1","next_prefix":"a3"},"3":{"id":1409422,"text":"to make uniform the law among the various jurisdictions.","type":"section","prefixes":["a","3"],"prefix":"3","entire_prefix":"a3","prefix_anchor":"a3","level":2,"prior_prefix":"a2","next_prefix":"b"},"4":{"id":1409423,"text":"Unless displaced by the particular provisions of the Uniform Commercial Code, the principles of law and equity, including the law merchant and the law relative to capacity to contract, principal and agent, estoppel, fraud, misrepresentation, duress, coercion, mistake, bankruptcy, and other validating or invalidating cause supplement its provisions.","type":"section","prefixes":["b"],"prefix":"b","entire_prefix":"b","prefix_anchor":"b","level":1,"prior_prefix":"a3"}},"ancestry":[{"id":53710,"edition_id":2,"name":"General Provisions","identifier":"1","label":"part","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":53709,"metadata":{"child_laws":8,"child_structures":0},"date_created":"2026-08-02 03:20:53","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:28:28","permalink":{"id":1508831,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":53710,"identifier":"1","token":"8.1A\/1","url":"\/8.1A\/1\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":53709,"edition_id":2,"name":"Uniform Commercial Code \u2014 General Provisions","identifier":"8.1A","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":13,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{"child_laws":24,"child_structures":3},"date_created":"2026-08-02 03:20:53","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:28:28","permalink":{"id":1508829,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":53709,"identifier":"8.1A","token":"8.1A","url":"\/8.1A\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":377880,"structure_id":53710,"section_number":"8.1A-101","catch_line":"Short titles","url":"\/8.1A-101\/","token":"8.1A\/1\/8.1A-101","metadata":false},{"id":377881,"structure_id":53710,"section_number":"8.1A-102","catch_line":"Scope of title","url":"\/8.1A-102\/","token":"8.1A\/1\/8.1A-102","metadata":false},{"id":377882,"structure_id":53710,"section_number":"8.1A-103","catch_line":"Construction of Uniform Commercial Code to promote its purposes and policies; applicability of supplemental principles of law","url":"\/8.1A-103\/","token":"8.1A\/1\/8.1A-103","metadata":false},{"id":377883,"structure_id":53710,"section_number":"8.1A-104","catch_line":"Construction against implied repeal","url":"\/8.1A-104\/","token":"8.1A\/1\/8.1A-104","metadata":false},{"id":377884,"structure_id":53710,"section_number":"8.1A-105","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/8.1A-105\/","token":"8.1A\/1\/8.1A-105","metadata":false},{"id":377885,"structure_id":53710,"section_number":"8.1A-106","catch_line":"Use of singular and plural; gender","url":"\/8.1A-106\/","token":"8.1A\/1\/8.1A-106","metadata":false},{"id":377886,"structure_id":53710,"section_number":"8.1A-107","catch_line":"Section captions","url":"\/8.1A-107\/","token":"8.1A\/1\/8.1A-107","metadata":false},{"id":377887,"structure_id":53710,"section_number":"8.1A-108","catch_line":"Relation to Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act","url":"\/8.1A-108\/","token":"8.1A\/1\/8.1A-108","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":377881,"structure_id":53710,"section_number":"8.1A-102","catch_line":"Scope of title","url":"\/8.1A-102\/","token":"8.1A\/1\/8.1A-102","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":377883,"structure_id":53710,"section_number":"8.1A-104","catch_line":"Construction against implied repeal","url":"\/8.1A-104\/","token":"8.1A\/1\/8.1A-104","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/8.1A-103\/","history_text":"

The record of this law\u2019s original creation isn\u2019t available online. It has been modified 3 times. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. Those modifications are as follows: in 1956, chapter 428; in 1964, chapter 219; in 2003, chapter 353<\/a>.<\/p>","references":false,"refers_to":false,"permalink":{"id":1508841,"object_type":"law","relational_id":377882,"identifier":"8.1A-103","token":"8.1A\/1\/8.1A-103","url":"\/8.1A-103\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/8.1A-103\/","token":"8.1A\/1\/8.1A-103","dublin_core":{"Title":"Construction of Uniform Commercial Code to promote its purposes and policies; applicability of supplemental principles of law","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 8.1A-103","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

a.<\/span> The Uniform Commercial Code shall be liberally construed and applied to promote its underlying purposes and policies, which are: <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> to simplify, clarify, and modernize the law<\/span> governing commercial transactions; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> to permit the continued expansion of commercial practices through custom, usage, and agreement of the parties; and <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

3.<\/span> to make uniform the law<\/span> among the various jurisdictions<\/span>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

b.<\/span> Unless displaced by the particular provisions of the Uniform Commercial Code, the principles of law<\/span> and equity<\/span>, including the law<\/span> merchant and the law<\/span> relative to capacity to contract<\/span>, principal and agent, estoppel, fraud<\/span>, misrepresentation, duress, coercion, mistake, bankruptcy<\/span>, and other validating or invalidating cause supplement its provisions. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nCONSTRUCTION OF UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE TO PROMOTE ITS PURPOSES AND POLICIES;\nAPPLICABILITY OF SUPPLEMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF LAW (\u00a7 8.1A-103)\n\na. The Uniform Commercial Code shall be liberally construed and applied to\npromote its underlying purposes and policies, which are:\n\n 1. to simplify, clarify, and modernize the law governing commercial\n transactions;\n\n 2. to permit the continued expansion of commercial practices through custom,\n usage, and agreement of the parties; and\n\n 3. to make uniform the law among the various jurisdictions.\n\nb. Unless displaced by the particular provisions of the Uniform Commercial Code,\nthe principles of law and equity, including the law merchant and the law\nrelative to capacity to contract, principal and agent, estoppel, fraud,\nmisrepresentation, duress, coercion, mistake, bankruptcy, and other validating\nor invalidating cause supplement its provisions.\n\nHISTORY: Code 1950, \u00a7\u00a7 6-549, 13-183, 13.1-418, 61-2; 1956, c. 428; 1964, c.\n219, \u00a7\u00a7 8.1-102, 8.1-103; 2003, c. 353.","edition":{"id":2,"name":"2026","slug":"2026","date_created":"2026-07-16 18:40:23","date_modified":"2026-08-02 15:14:36","current":1,"order_by":2,"last_import":"2026-08-02 12:37:30"}}