{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-json\/8.2A-201.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-text\/8.2A-201.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-xml\/8.2A-201.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-html\/8.2A-201.html"}],"law_id":378018,"edition_id":2,"section_id":378018,"structure_id":53723,"section_number":"8.2A-201","catch_line":"Statute of frauds","history":"1991, c. 536; 2024, c. 652.","full_text":"1\n\nA lease contract is not enforceable by way of action or defense unless:\n\na\n\nThe total payments to be made under the lease contract, excluding payments for options to renew or buy, are less than $1,000; or\n\nb\n\nThere is a record, signed by the party against whom enforcement is sought or by that party’s authorized agent, sufficient to indicate that a lease contract has been made between the parties and to describe the goods leased and the lease term.\n\n2\n\nAny description of leased goods or of the lease term is sufficient and satisfies subdivision (1) (b) of this section, whether or not it is specific, if it reasonably identifies what is described.\n\n3\n\nA record is not insufficient because it omits or incorrectly states a term agreed upon, but the lease contract is not enforceable under subdivision (1) (b) of this section beyond the lease term and the quantity of goods shown in the record.\n\n4\n\nA lease contract that does not satisfy the requirements of subsection (1) of this section, but which is valid in other respects, is enforceable if:\n\na\n\nThe goods are to be specially manufactured or obtained for the lessee and are not suitable for lease or sale to others in the ordinary course of the lessor’s business, and the lessor, before notice of repudiation is received and under circumstances that reasonably indicate that the goods are for the lessee, has made either a substantial beginning of their manufacture or commitments for their procurement;\n\nb\n\nThe party against whom enforcement is sought admits in that party’s pleading, testimony or otherwise in court that a lease contract was made, but the lease contract is not enforceable under this provision beyond the quantity of goods admitted; or\n\nc\n\nWith respect to goods that have been received and accepted by the lessee.\n\n5\n\nThe lease term under a lease contract referred to in subsection (4) of this section is:\n\na\n\nIf there is a record signed by the party against whom enforcement is sought or by that party’s authorized agent specifying the lease term, the term so specified;\n\nb\n\nIf the party against whom enforcement is sought admits in that party’s pleading, testimony, or otherwise in court a lease term, the term so admitted; or\n\nc\n\nA reasonable lease term.\n\n","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":1410071,"text":"A lease contract is not enforceable by way of action or defense unless:","type":"section","prefixes":["1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"1","prefix_anchor":"1","level":1,"next_prefix":"1a"},"1":{"id":1410072,"text":"The total payments to be made under the lease contract, excluding payments for options to renew or buy, are less than $1,000; or","type":"section","prefixes":["1","a"],"prefix":"a","entire_prefix":"1a","prefix_anchor":"1a","level":2,"prior_prefix":"1","next_prefix":"1b"},"2":{"id":1410073,"text":"There is a record, signed by the party against whom enforcement is sought or by that party’s authorized agent, sufficient to indicate that a lease contract has been made between the parties and to describe the goods leased and the lease term.","type":"section","prefixes":["1","b"],"prefix":"b","entire_prefix":"1b","prefix_anchor":"1b","level":2,"prior_prefix":"1a","next_prefix":"2"},"3":{"id":1410074,"text":"Any description of leased goods or of the lease term is sufficient and satisfies subdivision (1) (b) of this section, whether or not it is specific, if it reasonably identifies what is described.","type":"section","prefixes":["2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"2","prefix_anchor":"2","level":1,"prior_prefix":"1b","next_prefix":"3"},"4":{"id":1410075,"text":"A record is not insufficient because it omits or incorrectly states a term agreed upon, but the lease contract is not enforceable under subdivision (1) (b) of this section beyond the lease term and the quantity of goods shown in the record.","type":"section","prefixes":["3"],"prefix":"3","entire_prefix":"3","prefix_anchor":"3","level":1,"prior_prefix":"2","next_prefix":"4"},"5":{"id":1410076,"text":"A lease contract that does not satisfy the requirements of subsection (1) of this section, but which is valid in other respects, is enforceable if:","type":"section","prefixes":["4"],"prefix":"4","entire_prefix":"4","prefix_anchor":"4","level":1,"prior_prefix":"3","next_prefix":"4a"},"6":{"id":1410077,"text":"The goods are to be specially manufactured or obtained for the lessee and are not suitable for lease or sale to others in the ordinary course of the lessor’s business, and the lessor, before notice of repudiation is received and under circumstances that reasonably indicate that the goods are for the lessee, has made either a substantial beginning of their manufacture or commitments for their procurement;","type":"section","prefixes":["4","a"],"prefix":"a","entire_prefix":"4a","prefix_anchor":"4a","level":2,"prior_prefix":"4","next_prefix":"4b"},"7":{"id":1410078,"text":"The party against whom enforcement is sought admits in that party’s pleading, testimony or otherwise in court that a lease contract was made, but the lease contract is not enforceable under this provision beyond the quantity of goods admitted; or","type":"section","prefixes":["4","b"],"prefix":"b","entire_prefix":"4b","prefix_anchor":"4b","level":2,"prior_prefix":"4a","next_prefix":"4c"},"8":{"id":1410079,"text":"With respect to goods that have been received and accepted by the lessee.","type":"section","prefixes":["4","c"],"prefix":"c","entire_prefix":"4c","prefix_anchor":"4c","level":2,"prior_prefix":"4b","next_prefix":"5"},"9":{"id":1410080,"text":"The lease term under a lease contract referred to in subsection (4) of this section is:","type":"section","prefixes":["5"],"prefix":"5","entire_prefix":"5","prefix_anchor":"5","level":1,"prior_prefix":"4c","next_prefix":"5a"},"10":{"id":1410081,"text":"If there is a record signed by the party against whom enforcement is sought or by that party’s authorized agent specifying the lease term, the term so specified;","type":"section","prefixes":["5","a"],"prefix":"a","entire_prefix":"5a","prefix_anchor":"5a","level":2,"prior_prefix":"5","next_prefix":"5b"},"11":{"id":1410082,"text":"If the party against whom enforcement is sought admits in that party’s pleading, testimony, or otherwise in court a lease term, the term so admitted; or","type":"section","prefixes":["5","b"],"prefix":"b","entire_prefix":"5b","prefix_anchor":"5b","level":2,"prior_prefix":"5a","next_prefix":"5c"},"12":{"id":1410083,"text":"A reasonable lease term.","type":"section","prefixes":["5","c"],"prefix":"c","entire_prefix":"5c","prefix_anchor":"5c","level":2,"prior_prefix":"5b"}},"ancestry":[{"id":53723,"edition_id":2,"name":"Formation and Construction of Lease Contract","identifier":"2","label":"part","depth":2,"order_by":2,"parent_id":53721,"metadata":{"child_laws":21,"child_structures":0},"date_created":"2026-08-02 03:21:12","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:28:30","permalink":{"id":1509409,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":53723,"identifier":"2","token":"8.2A\/2","url":"\/8.2A\/2\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":53721,"edition_id":2,"name":"Commercial Code \u2014 Leases","identifier":"8.2A","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":17,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{"child_laws":80,"child_structures":8},"date_created":"2026-08-02 03:21:10","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:28:30","permalink":{"id":1509369,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":53721,"identifier":"8.2A","token":"8.2A","url":"\/8.2A\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":378018,"structure_id":53723,"section_number":"8.2A-201","catch_line":"Statute of frauds","url":"\/8.2A-201\/","token":"8.2A\/2\/8.2A-201","metadata":false},{"id":378019,"structure_id":53723,"section_number":"8.2A-202","catch_line":"Final expression: parol or extrinsic evidence","url":"\/8.2A-202\/","token":"8.2A\/2\/8.2A-202","metadata":false},{"id":378020,"structure_id":53723,"section_number":"8.2A-203","catch_line":"Seals inoperative","url":"\/8.2A-203\/","token":"8.2A\/2\/8.2A-203","metadata":false},{"id":378021,"structure_id":53723,"section_number":"8.2A-204","catch_line":"Formation in general","url":"\/8.2A-204\/","token":"8.2A\/2\/8.2A-204","metadata":false},{"id":378022,"structure_id":53723,"section_number":"8.2A-205","catch_line":"Firm offers","url":"\/8.2A-205\/","token":"8.2A\/2\/8.2A-205","metadata":false},{"id":378023,"structure_id":53723,"section_number":"8.2A-206","catch_line":"Offer and acceptance in formation of lease contract","url":"\/8.2A-206\/","token":"8.2A\/2\/8.2A-206","metadata":false},{"id":378024,"structure_id":53723,"section_number":"8.2A-207","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/8.2A-207\/","token":"8.2A\/2\/8.2A-207","metadata":false},{"id":378025,"structure_id":53723,"section_number":"8.2A-208","catch_line":"Modification, rescission, and waiver","url":"\/8.2A-208\/","token":"8.2A\/2\/8.2A-208","metadata":false},{"id":378026,"structure_id":53723,"section_number":"8.2A-209","catch_line":"Lessee under finance lease as beneficiary of supply contract","url":"\/8.2A-209\/","token":"8.2A\/2\/8.2A-209","metadata":false},{"id":378027,"structure_id":53723,"section_number":"8.2A-210","catch_line":"Express warranties","url":"\/8.2A-210\/","token":"8.2A\/2\/8.2A-210","metadata":false},{"id":378028,"structure_id":53723,"section_number":"8.2A-211","catch_line":"Warranties against interference and against infringement; lessee's obligation against infringement","url":"\/8.2A-211\/","token":"8.2A\/2\/8.2A-211","metadata":false},{"id":378029,"structure_id":53723,"section_number":"8.2A-212","catch_line":"Implied warranty of merchantability","url":"\/8.2A-212\/","token":"8.2A\/2\/8.2A-212","metadata":false},{"id":378030,"structure_id":53723,"section_number":"8.2A-213","catch_line":"Implied warranty of fitness for particular purpose","url":"\/8.2A-213\/","token":"8.2A\/2\/8.2A-213","metadata":false},{"id":378031,"structure_id":53723,"section_number":"8.2A-214","catch_line":"Exclusion or modification of warranties","url":"\/8.2A-214\/","token":"8.2A\/2\/8.2A-214","metadata":false},{"id":378032,"structure_id":53723,"section_number":"8.2A-215","catch_line":"Cumulation and conflict of warranties express or implied","url":"\/8.2A-215\/","token":"8.2A\/2\/8.2A-215","metadata":false},{"id":378033,"structure_id":53723,"section_number":"8.2A-216","catch_line":"Third-party beneficiaries of express and implied warranties","url":"\/8.2A-216\/","token":"8.2A\/2\/8.2A-216","metadata":false},{"id":378034,"structure_id":53723,"section_number":"8.2A-217","catch_line":"Identification","url":"\/8.2A-217\/","token":"8.2A\/2\/8.2A-217","metadata":false},{"id":378035,"structure_id":53723,"section_number":"8.2A-218","catch_line":"Insurance and proceeds","url":"\/8.2A-218\/","token":"8.2A\/2\/8.2A-218","metadata":false},{"id":378036,"structure_id":53723,"section_number":"8.2A-219","catch_line":"Risk of loss","url":"\/8.2A-219\/","token":"8.2A\/2\/8.2A-219","metadata":false},{"id":378037,"structure_id":53723,"section_number":"8.2A-220","catch_line":"Effect of default on risk of loss","url":"\/8.2A-220\/","token":"8.2A\/2\/8.2A-220","metadata":false},{"id":378038,"structure_id":53723,"section_number":"8.2A-221","catch_line":"Casualty to identified goods","url":"\/8.2A-221\/","token":"8.2A\/2\/8.2A-221","metadata":false}],"next_section":{"id":378019,"structure_id":53723,"section_number":"8.2A-202","catch_line":"Final expression: parol or extrinsic evidence","url":"\/8.2A-202\/","token":"8.2A\/2\/8.2A-202","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/8.2A-201\/","history_text":"

This law was first created in 1991. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 536 of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. Unfortunately, the 1991 \u201cActs\u201d aren\u2019t available online. It has been modified 1 time. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. That modification is as follows: in 2024, chapter 652<\/a>.<\/p>","references":false,"refers_to":false,"permalink":{"id":1509411,"object_type":"law","relational_id":378018,"identifier":"8.2A-201","token":"8.2A\/2\/8.2A-201","url":"\/8.2A-201\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/8.2A-201\/","token":"8.2A\/2\/8.2A-201","dublin_core":{"Title":"Statute of frauds","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 8.2A-201","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> A lease contract<\/span> is not enforceable by way of action or defense unless: <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

a.<\/span> The total payments to be made under the lease contract<\/span>, excluding payments for options to renew or buy, are less than $1,000; or <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

b.<\/span> There is a record, signed by the party<\/span> against whom enforcement is sought or by that party<\/span>’s authorized agent, sufficient to indicate that a lease contract<\/span> has been made between the parties and to describe the goods leased and the lease term. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> Any description of leased goods or of the lease term is sufficient and satisfies subdivision (1) (b) of this section, whether or not it is specific, if it reasonably identifies what is described. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

3.<\/span> A record is not insufficient because it omits or incorrectly states a term agreed upon, but the lease contract<\/span> is not enforceable under subdivision (1) (b) of this section beyond the lease term and the quantity of goods shown in the record. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

4.<\/span> A lease contract<\/span> that does not satisfy the requirements of subsection (1) of this section, but which is valid in other respects, is enforceable if: <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

a.<\/span> The goods are to be specially manufactured or obtained for the lessee and are not suitable for lease or sale to others in the ordinary course of the lessor’s business, and the lessor, before notice of repudiation is received and under circumstances that reasonably indicate that the goods are for the lessee, has made either a substantial beginning of their manufacture or commitments for their procurement; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

b.<\/span> The party<\/span> against whom enforcement is sought admits in that party<\/span>’s pleading, testimony<\/span> or otherwise in court<\/span> that a lease contract<\/span> was made, but the lease contract<\/span> is not enforceable under this provision beyond the quantity of goods admitted; or <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

c.<\/span> With respect to goods that have been received and accepted by the lessee. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

5.<\/span> The lease term under a lease contract<\/span> referred to in subsection (4) of this section is: <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

a.<\/span> If there is a record signed by the party<\/span> against whom enforcement is sought or by that party<\/span>’s authorized agent specifying the lease term, the term so specified; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

b.<\/span> If the party<\/span> against whom enforcement is sought admits in that party<\/span>’s pleading, testimony<\/span>, or otherwise in court<\/span> a lease term, the term so admitted; or <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

c.<\/span> A reasonable lease term. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nSTATUTE OF FRAUDS (\u00a7 8.2A-201)\n\n1. A lease contract is not enforceable by way of action or defense unless:\n\n a. The total payments to be made under the lease contract, excluding payments\n for options to renew or buy, are less than $1,000; or\n\n b. There is a record, signed by the party against whom enforcement is sought\n or by that party’s authorized agent, sufficient to indicate that a lease\n contract has been made between the parties and to describe the goods leased\n and the lease term.\n\n2. Any description of leased goods or of the lease term is sufficient and\nsatisfies subdivision (1) (b) of this section, whether or not it is specific, if\nit reasonably identifies what is described.\n\n3. A record is not insufficient because it omits or incorrectly states a term\nagreed upon, but the lease contract is not enforceable under subdivision (1) (b)\nof this section beyond the lease term and the quantity of goods shown in the\nrecord.\n\n4. A lease contract that does not satisfy the requirements of subsection (1) of\nthis section, but which is valid in other respects, is enforceable if:\n\n a. The goods are to be specially manufactured or obtained for the lessee and\n are not suitable for lease or sale to others in the ordinary course of the\n lessor’s business, and the lessor, before notice of repudiation is\n received and under circumstances that reasonably indicate that the goods are\n for the lessee, has made either a substantial beginning of their manufacture\n or commitments for their procurement;\n\n b. The party against whom enforcement is sought admits in that party’s\n pleading, testimony or otherwise in court that a lease contract was made, but\n the lease contract is not enforceable under this provision beyond the quantity\n of goods admitted; or\n\n c. With respect to goods that have been received and accepted by the lessee.\n\n5. The lease term under a lease contract referred to in subsection (4) of this\nsection is:\n\n a. If there is a record signed by the party against whom enforcement is sought\n or by that party’s authorized agent specifying the lease term, the term\n so specified;\n\n b. If the party against whom enforcement is sought admits in that\n party’s pleading, testimony, or otherwise in court a lease term, the\n term so admitted; or\n\n c. A reasonable lease term.\n\nHISTORY: 1991, c. 536; 2024, c. 652.","edition":{"id":2,"name":"2026","slug":"2026","date_created":"2026-07-16 18:40:23","date_modified":"2026-08-02 15:14:36","current":1,"order_by":2,"last_import":"2026-08-02 12:37:30"}}