{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-json\/8.2A-202.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-text\/8.2A-202.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-xml\/8.2A-202.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-html\/8.2A-202.html"}],"law_id":378019,"edition_id":2,"section_id":378019,"structure_id":53723,"section_number":"8.2A-202","catch_line":"Final expression: parol or extrinsic evidence","history":"1991, c. 536; 2024, c. 652.","full_text":"Terms with respect to which the confirmatory memoranda of the parties agree or which are otherwise set forth in a record intended by the parties as a final expression of their agreement with respect to such terms as are included therein may not be contradicted by evidence of any prior agreement or of a contemporaneous oral agreement but may be explained or supplemented:\n\na\n\nby course of dealing or usage of trade or by course of performance; and\n\nb\n\nby evidence of consistent additional terms unless the court finds the record to have been intended also as a complete and exclusive statement of the terms of the agreement.\n\n","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":1410084,"text":"Terms with respect to which the confirmatory memoranda of the parties agree or which are otherwise set forth in a record intended by the parties as a final expression of their agreement with respect to such terms as are included therein may not be contradicted by evidence of any prior agreement or of a contemporaneous oral agreement but may be explained or supplemented:","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1,"next_prefix":"a"},"1":{"id":1410085,"text":"by course of dealing or usage of trade or by course of performance; and","type":"section","prefixes":["a"],"prefix":"a","entire_prefix":"a","prefix_anchor":"a","level":1,"prior_prefix":"","next_prefix":"b"},"2":{"id":1410086,"text":"by evidence of consistent additional terms unless the court finds the record to have been intended also as a complete and exclusive statement of the terms of the agreement.","type":"section","prefixes":["b"],"prefix":"b","entire_prefix":"b","prefix_anchor":"b","level":1,"prior_prefix":"a"}},"ancestry":[{"id":53723,"edition_id":2,"name":"Formation and Construction of Lease Contract","identifier":"2","label":"part","depth":2,"order_by":2,"parent_id":53721,"metadata":{"child_laws":21,"child_structures":0},"date_created":"2026-08-02 03:21:12","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:28:30","permalink":{"id":1509409,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":53723,"identifier":"2","token":"8.2A\/2","url":"\/8.2A\/2\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":53721,"edition_id":2,"name":"Commercial Code \u2014 Leases","identifier":"8.2A","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":17,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{"child_laws":80,"child_structures":8},"date_created":"2026-08-02 03:21:10","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:28:30","permalink":{"id":1509369,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":53721,"identifier":"8.2A","token":"8.2A","url":"\/8.2A\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":378018,"structure_id":53723,"section_number":"8.2A-201","catch_line":"Statute of frauds","url":"\/8.2A-201\/","token":"8.2A\/2\/8.2A-201","metadata":false},{"id":378019,"structure_id":53723,"section_number":"8.2A-202","catch_line":"Final expression: parol or extrinsic evidence","url":"\/8.2A-202\/","token":"8.2A\/2\/8.2A-202","metadata":false},{"id":378020,"structure_id":53723,"section_number":"8.2A-203","catch_line":"Seals inoperative","url":"\/8.2A-203\/","token":"8.2A\/2\/8.2A-203","metadata":false},{"id":378021,"structure_id":53723,"section_number":"8.2A-204","catch_line":"Formation in general","url":"\/8.2A-204\/","token":"8.2A\/2\/8.2A-204","metadata":false},{"id":378022,"structure_id":53723,"section_number":"8.2A-205","catch_line":"Firm offers","url":"\/8.2A-205\/","token":"8.2A\/2\/8.2A-205","metadata":false},{"id":378023,"structure_id":53723,"section_number":"8.2A-206","catch_line":"Offer and acceptance in formation of lease contract","url":"\/8.2A-206\/","token":"8.2A\/2\/8.2A-206","metadata":false},{"id":378024,"structure_id":53723,"section_number":"8.2A-207","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/8.2A-207\/","token":"8.2A\/2\/8.2A-207","metadata":false},{"id":378025,"structure_id":53723,"section_number":"8.2A-208","catch_line":"Modification, rescission, and waiver","url":"\/8.2A-208\/","token":"8.2A\/2\/8.2A-208","metadata":false},{"id":378026,"structure_id":53723,"section_number":"8.2A-209","catch_line":"Lessee under finance lease as beneficiary of supply contract","url":"\/8.2A-209\/","token":"8.2A\/2\/8.2A-209","metadata":false},{"id":378027,"structure_id":53723,"section_number":"8.2A-210","catch_line":"Express warranties","url":"\/8.2A-210\/","token":"8.2A\/2\/8.2A-210","metadata":false},{"id":378028,"structure_id":53723,"section_number":"8.2A-211","catch_line":"Warranties against interference and against infringement; lessee's obligation against infringement","url":"\/8.2A-211\/","token":"8.2A\/2\/8.2A-211","metadata":false},{"id":378029,"structure_id":53723,"section_number":"8.2A-212","catch_line":"Implied warranty of merchantability","url":"\/8.2A-212\/","token":"8.2A\/2\/8.2A-212","metadata":false},{"id":378030,"structure_id":53723,"section_number":"8.2A-213","catch_line":"Implied warranty of fitness for particular purpose","url":"\/8.2A-213\/","token":"8.2A\/2\/8.2A-213","metadata":false},{"id":378031,"structure_id":53723,"section_number":"8.2A-214","catch_line":"Exclusion or modification of warranties","url":"\/8.2A-214\/","token":"8.2A\/2\/8.2A-214","metadata":false},{"id":378032,"structure_id":53723,"section_number":"8.2A-215","catch_line":"Cumulation and conflict of warranties express or implied","url":"\/8.2A-215\/","token":"8.2A\/2\/8.2A-215","metadata":false},{"id":378033,"structure_id":53723,"section_number":"8.2A-216","catch_line":"Third-party beneficiaries of express and implied warranties","url":"\/8.2A-216\/","token":"8.2A\/2\/8.2A-216","metadata":false},{"id":378034,"structure_id":53723,"section_number":"8.2A-217","catch_line":"Identification","url":"\/8.2A-217\/","token":"8.2A\/2\/8.2A-217","metadata":false},{"id":378035,"structure_id":53723,"section_number":"8.2A-218","catch_line":"Insurance and proceeds","url":"\/8.2A-218\/","token":"8.2A\/2\/8.2A-218","metadata":false},{"id":378036,"structure_id":53723,"section_number":"8.2A-219","catch_line":"Risk of loss","url":"\/8.2A-219\/","token":"8.2A\/2\/8.2A-219","metadata":false},{"id":378037,"structure_id":53723,"section_number":"8.2A-220","catch_line":"Effect of default on risk of loss","url":"\/8.2A-220\/","token":"8.2A\/2\/8.2A-220","metadata":false},{"id":378038,"structure_id":53723,"section_number":"8.2A-221","catch_line":"Casualty to identified goods","url":"\/8.2A-221\/","token":"8.2A\/2\/8.2A-221","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":378018,"structure_id":53723,"section_number":"8.2A-201","catch_line":"Statute of frauds","url":"\/8.2A-201\/","token":"8.2A\/2\/8.2A-201","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":378020,"structure_id":53723,"section_number":"8.2A-203","catch_line":"Seals inoperative","url":"\/8.2A-203\/","token":"8.2A\/2\/8.2A-203","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/8.2A-202\/","history_text":"

This law was first created in 1991. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 536 of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. Unfortunately, the 1991 \u201cActs\u201d aren\u2019t available online. It has been modified 1 time. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. That modification is as follows: in 2024, chapter 652<\/a>.<\/p>","references":[{"id":378031,"section_number":"8.2A-214","catch_line":"Exclusion or modification of warranties","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.2A-214\/"}],"refers_to":false,"permalink":{"id":1509415,"object_type":"law","relational_id":378019,"identifier":"8.2A-202","token":"8.2A\/2\/8.2A-202","url":"\/8.2A-202\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/8.2A-202\/","token":"8.2A\/2\/8.2A-202","dublin_core":{"Title":"Final expression: parol or extrinsic evidence","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 8.2A-202","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

Terms with respect to which the confirmatory memoranda of the parties agree or which are otherwise set forth in a record intended by the parties as a final expression of their agreement with respect to such terms as are included therein may not be contradicted by evidence<\/span> of any prior agreement or of a contemporaneous oral agreement but may be explained or supplemented:<\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

a.<\/span> by course of dealing or usage of trade or by course of performance; and <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

b.<\/span> by evidence<\/span> of consistent additional terms unless the court<\/span> finds the record to have been intended also as a complete and exclusive statement of the terms of the agreement. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nFINAL EXPRESSION: PAROL OR EXTRINSIC EVIDENCE (\u00a7 8.2A-202)\n\nTerms with respect to which the confirmatory memoranda of the parties agree or\nwhich are otherwise set forth in a record intended by the parties as a final\nexpression of their agreement with respect to such terms as are included therein\nmay not be contradicted by evidence of any prior agreement or of a\ncontemporaneous oral agreement but may be explained or supplemented:\n\na. by course of dealing or usage of trade or by course of performance; and\n\nb. by evidence of consistent additional terms unless the court finds the record\nto have been intended also as a complete and exclusive statement of the terms of\nthe agreement.\n\nHISTORY: 1991, c. 536; 2024, c. 652.","edition":{"id":2,"name":"2026","slug":"2026","date_created":"2026-07-16 18:40:23","date_modified":"2026-08-02 15:14:36","current":1,"order_by":2,"last_import":"2026-08-02 12:37:30"}}