{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-json\/8.2A-212.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-text\/8.2A-212.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-xml\/8.2A-212.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-html\/8.2A-212.html"}],"law_id":378029,"edition_id":2,"section_id":378029,"structure_id":53723,"section_number":"8.2A-212","catch_line":"Implied warranty of merchantability","history":"1991, c. 536.","full_text":"1\n\nExcept in a finance lease, a warranty that the goods will be merchantable is implied in a lease contract if the lessor is a merchant with respect to goods of that kind.\n\n2\n\nGoods to be merchantable must be at least such as;\n\na\n\nPass without objection in the trade under the description in the lease agreement;\n\nb\n\nIn the case of fungible goods, are of fair average quality within the description;\n\nc\n\nAre fit for the ordinary purposes for which goods of that type are used;\n\nd\n\nRun, within the variation permitted by the lease agreement, of even kind, quality, and quantity within each unit and among all units involved;\n\ne\n\nAre adequately contained, packaged, and labeled as the lease agreement may require; and\n\nf\n\nConform to any promises or affirmations of fact made on the container or label.\n\n3\n\nOther implied warranties may arise from course of dealing or usage of trade.\n\n","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":1410111,"text":"Except in a finance lease, a warranty that the goods will be merchantable is implied in a lease contract if the lessor is a merchant with respect to goods of that kind.","type":"section","prefixes":["1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"1","prefix_anchor":"1","level":1,"next_prefix":"2"},"1":{"id":1410112,"text":"Goods to be merchantable must be at least such as;","type":"section","prefixes":["2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"2","prefix_anchor":"2","level":1,"prior_prefix":"1","next_prefix":"2a"},"2":{"id":1410113,"text":"Pass without objection in the trade under the description in the lease agreement;","type":"section","prefixes":["2","a"],"prefix":"a","entire_prefix":"2a","prefix_anchor":"2a","level":2,"prior_prefix":"2","next_prefix":"2b"},"3":{"id":1410114,"text":"In the case of fungible goods, are of fair average quality within the description;","type":"section","prefixes":["2","b"],"prefix":"b","entire_prefix":"2b","prefix_anchor":"2b","level":2,"prior_prefix":"2a","next_prefix":"2c"},"4":{"id":1410115,"text":"Are fit for the ordinary purposes for which goods of that type are used;","type":"section","prefixes":["2","c"],"prefix":"c","entire_prefix":"2c","prefix_anchor":"2c","level":2,"prior_prefix":"2b","next_prefix":"2d"},"5":{"id":1410116,"text":"Run, within the variation permitted by the lease agreement, of even kind, quality, and quantity within each unit and among all units involved;","type":"section","prefixes":["2","d"],"prefix":"d","entire_prefix":"2d","prefix_anchor":"2d","level":2,"prior_prefix":"2c","next_prefix":"2e"},"6":{"id":1410117,"text":"Are adequately contained, packaged, and labeled as the lease agreement may require; and","type":"section","prefixes":["2","e"],"prefix":"e","entire_prefix":"2e","prefix_anchor":"2e","level":2,"prior_prefix":"2d","next_prefix":"2f"},"7":{"id":1410118,"text":"Conform to any promises or affirmations of fact made on the container or label.","type":"section","prefixes":["2","f"],"prefix":"f","entire_prefix":"2f","prefix_anchor":"2f","level":2,"prior_prefix":"2e","next_prefix":"3"},"8":{"id":1410119,"text":"Other implied warranties may arise from course of dealing or usage of trade.","type":"section","prefixes":["3"],"prefix":"3","entire_prefix":"3","prefix_anchor":"3","level":1,"prior_prefix":"2f"}},"ancestry":[{"id":53723,"edition_id":2,"name":"Formation and Construction of Lease Contract","identifier":"2","label":"part","depth":2,"order_by":2,"parent_id":53721,"metadata":{"child_laws":21,"child_structures":0},"date_created":"2026-08-02 03:21:12","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:28:30","permalink":{"id":1509409,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":53723,"identifier":"2","token":"8.2A\/2","url":"\/8.2A\/2\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":53721,"edition_id":2,"name":"Commercial Code \u2014 Leases","identifier":"8.2A","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":17,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{"child_laws":80,"child_structures":8},"date_created":"2026-08-02 03:21:10","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:28:30","permalink":{"id":1509369,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":53721,"identifier":"8.2A","token":"8.2A","url":"\/8.2A\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":378018,"structure_id":53723,"section_number":"8.2A-201","catch_line":"Statute of frauds","url":"\/8.2A-201\/","token":"8.2A\/2\/8.2A-201","metadata":false},{"id":378019,"structure_id":53723,"section_number":"8.2A-202","catch_line":"Final expression: parol or extrinsic evidence","url":"\/8.2A-202\/","token":"8.2A\/2\/8.2A-202","metadata":false},{"id":378020,"structure_id":53723,"section_number":"8.2A-203","catch_line":"Seals inoperative","url":"\/8.2A-203\/","token":"8.2A\/2\/8.2A-203","metadata":false},{"id":378021,"structure_id":53723,"section_number":"8.2A-204","catch_line":"Formation in general","url":"\/8.2A-204\/","token":"8.2A\/2\/8.2A-204","metadata":false},{"id":378022,"structure_id":53723,"section_number":"8.2A-205","catch_line":"Firm offers","url":"\/8.2A-205\/","token":"8.2A\/2\/8.2A-205","metadata":false},{"id":378023,"structure_id":53723,"section_number":"8.2A-206","catch_line":"Offer and acceptance in formation of lease contract","url":"\/8.2A-206\/","token":"8.2A\/2\/8.2A-206","metadata":false},{"id":378024,"structure_id":53723,"section_number":"8.2A-207","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/8.2A-207\/","token":"8.2A\/2\/8.2A-207","metadata":false},{"id":378025,"structure_id":53723,"section_number":"8.2A-208","catch_line":"Modification, rescission, and waiver","url":"\/8.2A-208\/","token":"8.2A\/2\/8.2A-208","metadata":false},{"id":378026,"structure_id":53723,"section_number":"8.2A-209","catch_line":"Lessee under finance lease as beneficiary of supply contract","url":"\/8.2A-209\/","token":"8.2A\/2\/8.2A-209","metadata":false},{"id":378027,"structure_id":53723,"section_number":"8.2A-210","catch_line":"Express warranties","url":"\/8.2A-210\/","token":"8.2A\/2\/8.2A-210","metadata":false},{"id":378028,"structure_id":53723,"section_number":"8.2A-211","catch_line":"Warranties against interference and against infringement; lessee's obligation against infringement","url":"\/8.2A-211\/","token":"8.2A\/2\/8.2A-211","metadata":false},{"id":378029,"structure_id":53723,"section_number":"8.2A-212","catch_line":"Implied warranty of merchantability","url":"\/8.2A-212\/","token":"8.2A\/2\/8.2A-212","metadata":false},{"id":378030,"structure_id":53723,"section_number":"8.2A-213","catch_line":"Implied warranty of fitness for particular purpose","url":"\/8.2A-213\/","token":"8.2A\/2\/8.2A-213","metadata":false},{"id":378031,"structure_id":53723,"section_number":"8.2A-214","catch_line":"Exclusion or modification of warranties","url":"\/8.2A-214\/","token":"8.2A\/2\/8.2A-214","metadata":false},{"id":378032,"structure_id":53723,"section_number":"8.2A-215","catch_line":"Cumulation and conflict of warranties express or implied","url":"\/8.2A-215\/","token":"8.2A\/2\/8.2A-215","metadata":false},{"id":378033,"structure_id":53723,"section_number":"8.2A-216","catch_line":"Third-party beneficiaries of express and implied warranties","url":"\/8.2A-216\/","token":"8.2A\/2\/8.2A-216","metadata":false},{"id":378034,"structure_id":53723,"section_number":"8.2A-217","catch_line":"Identification","url":"\/8.2A-217\/","token":"8.2A\/2\/8.2A-217","metadata":false},{"id":378035,"structure_id":53723,"section_number":"8.2A-218","catch_line":"Insurance and proceeds","url":"\/8.2A-218\/","token":"8.2A\/2\/8.2A-218","metadata":false},{"id":378036,"structure_id":53723,"section_number":"8.2A-219","catch_line":"Risk of loss","url":"\/8.2A-219\/","token":"8.2A\/2\/8.2A-219","metadata":false},{"id":378037,"structure_id":53723,"section_number":"8.2A-220","catch_line":"Effect of default on risk of loss","url":"\/8.2A-220\/","token":"8.2A\/2\/8.2A-220","metadata":false},{"id":378038,"structure_id":53723,"section_number":"8.2A-221","catch_line":"Casualty to identified goods","url":"\/8.2A-221\/","token":"8.2A\/2\/8.2A-221","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":378028,"structure_id":53723,"section_number":"8.2A-211","catch_line":"Warranties against interference and against infringement; lessee's obligation against infringement","url":"\/8.2A-211\/","token":"8.2A\/2\/8.2A-211","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":378030,"structure_id":53723,"section_number":"8.2A-213","catch_line":"Implied warranty of fitness for particular purpose","url":"\/8.2A-213\/","token":"8.2A\/2\/8.2A-213","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/8.2A-212\/","history_text":"<p>This law was first created in 1991. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 536 of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. Unfortunately, the 1991 \u201cActs\u201d aren\u2019t available online.<\/p>","references":false,"refers_to":false,"permalink":{"id":1509455,"object_type":"law","relational_id":378029,"identifier":"8.2A-212","token":"8.2A\/2\/8.2A-212","url":"\/8.2A-212\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/8.2A-212\/","token":"8.2A\/2\/8.2A-212","dublin_core":{"Title":"Implied warranty of merchantability","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 8.2A-212","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"1\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">1.<\/span> Except in a finance lease, a warranty that the goods will be merchantable is implied in a lease <span class=\"dictionary\">contract<\/span> if the lessor is a merchant with respect to goods of that kind. <a id=\"paragraph-1410111\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/8.2A-212\/#1\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"2\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">2.<\/span> Goods to be merchantable must be at least such as; <a id=\"paragraph-1410112\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/8.2A-212\/#2\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"2a\" class=\"indent-1\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">a.<\/span> Pass without objection in the trade under the description in the lease agreement; <a id=\"paragraph-1410113\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/8.2A-212\/#2a\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"2b\" class=\"indent-1\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">b.<\/span> In the case of fungible goods, are of fair average quality within the description; <a id=\"paragraph-1410114\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/8.2A-212\/#2b\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"2c\" class=\"indent-1\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">c.<\/span> Are fit for the ordinary purposes for which goods of that type are used; <a id=\"paragraph-1410115\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/8.2A-212\/#2c\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"2d\" class=\"indent-1\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">d.<\/span> Run, within the variation permitted by the lease agreement, of even kind, quality, and quantity within each unit and among all units involved; <a id=\"paragraph-1410116\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/8.2A-212\/#2d\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"2e\" class=\"indent-1\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">e.<\/span> Are adequately contained, packaged, and labeled as the lease agreement may require; and <a id=\"paragraph-1410117\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/8.2A-212\/#2e\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"2f\" class=\"indent-1\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">f.<\/span> Conform to any promises or affirmations of <span class=\"dictionary\">fact<\/span> made on the container or label. <a id=\"paragraph-1410118\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/8.2A-212\/#2f\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"3\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">3.<\/span> Other implied warranties may arise from course of dealing or usage of trade. <a id=\"paragraph-1410119\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/8.2A-212\/#3\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":"                                 CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nIMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY (\u00a7 8.2A-212)\n\n1. Except in a finance lease, a warranty that the goods will be merchantable is\nimplied in a lease contract if the lessor is a merchant with respect to goods of\nthat kind.\n\n2. Goods to be merchantable must be at least such as;\n\n   a. Pass without objection in the trade under the description in the lease\n   agreement;\n\n   b. In the case of fungible goods, are of fair average quality within the\n   description;\n\n   c. Are fit for the ordinary purposes for which goods of that type are used;\n\n   d. Run, within the variation permitted by the lease agreement, of even kind,\n   quality, and quantity within each unit and among all units involved;\n\n   e. Are adequately contained, packaged, and labeled as the lease agreement may\n   require; and\n\n   f. Conform to any promises or affirmations of fact made on the container or\n   label.\n\n3. Other implied warranties may arise from course of dealing or usage of trade.\n\nHISTORY: 1991, c. 536.","edition":{"id":2,"name":"2026","slug":"2026","date_created":"2026-07-16 18:40:23","date_modified":"2026-08-02 15:14:36","current":1,"order_by":2,"last_import":"2026-08-02 12:37:30"}}