{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-json\/8.3A-119.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-text\/8.3A-119.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-xml\/8.3A-119.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2026\/code-html\/8.3A-119.html"}],"law_id":378108,"edition_id":2,"section_id":378108,"structure_id":53731,"section_number":"8.3A-119","catch_line":"Notice of right to defend action","history":"1964, c. 219, \u00a7 8.3-803; 1992, c. 693.","full_text":"In an action for breach of an obligation for which a third person is answerable over pursuant to this title or Title 8.4, the defendant may give the third person written notice of the litigation, and the person notified may then give similar notice to any other person who is answerable over. If the notice states (i) that the person notified may come in and defend and (ii) that failure to do so will bind the person notified in an action later brought by the person giving the notice as to any determination of fact common to the two litigations, the person notified is so bound unless after seasonable receipt of the notice the person notified does come in and defend.\n\n","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":1410478,"text":"In an action for breach of an obligation for which a third person is answerable over pursuant to this title or Title 8.4, the defendant may give the third person written notice of the litigation, and the person notified may then give similar notice to any other person who is answerable over. If the notice states (i) that the person notified may come in and defend and (ii) that failure to do so will bind the person notified in an action later brought by the person giving the notice as to any determination of fact common to the two litigations, the person notified is so bound unless after seasonable receipt of the notice the person notified does come in and defend.","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1}},"ancestry":[{"id":53731,"edition_id":2,"name":"General Provisions and Definitions","identifier":"1","label":"part","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":53730,"metadata":{"child_laws":20,"child_structures":0},"date_created":"2026-08-02 03:21:19","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:28:31","permalink":{"id":1509709,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":53731,"identifier":"1","token":"8.3A\/1","url":"\/8.3A\/1\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":53730,"edition_id":2,"name":"Commercial Code \u2014 Negotiable Instruments","identifier":"8.3A","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":19,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{"child_laws":69,"child_structures":6},"date_created":"2026-08-02 03:21:19","date_modified":"2026-08-02 12:28:31","permalink":{"id":1509707,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":53730,"identifier":"8.3A","token":"8.3A","url":"\/8.3A\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":378089,"structure_id":53731,"section_number":"8.3A-101","catch_line":"Short title","url":"\/8.3A-101\/","token":"8.3A\/1\/8.3A-101","metadata":false},{"id":378090,"structure_id":53731,"section_number":"8.3A-102","catch_line":"Subject matter","url":"\/8.3A-102\/","token":"8.3A\/1\/8.3A-102","metadata":false},{"id":378091,"structure_id":53731,"section_number":"8.3A-103","catch_line":"Definitions","url":"\/8.3A-103\/","token":"8.3A\/1\/8.3A-103","metadata":false},{"id":378092,"structure_id":53731,"section_number":"8.3A-104","catch_line":"Negotiable instrument","url":"\/8.3A-104\/","token":"8.3A\/1\/8.3A-104","metadata":false},{"id":378093,"structure_id":53731,"section_number":"8.3A-105","catch_line":"Issue of instrument","url":"\/8.3A-105\/","token":"8.3A\/1\/8.3A-105","metadata":false},{"id":378094,"structure_id":53731,"section_number":"8.3A-106","catch_line":"Unconditional promise or order","url":"\/8.3A-106\/","token":"8.3A\/1\/8.3A-106","metadata":false},{"id":378095,"structure_id":53731,"section_number":"8.3A-107","catch_line":"Instrument payable in foreign money","url":"\/8.3A-107\/","token":"8.3A\/1\/8.3A-107","metadata":false},{"id":378096,"structure_id":53731,"section_number":"8.3A-108","catch_line":"Payable on demand or at definite time","url":"\/8.3A-108\/","token":"8.3A\/1\/8.3A-108","metadata":false},{"id":378097,"structure_id":53731,"section_number":"8.3A-109","catch_line":"Payable to bearer or to order","url":"\/8.3A-109\/","token":"8.3A\/1\/8.3A-109","metadata":false},{"id":378098,"structure_id":53731,"section_number":"8.3A-110","catch_line":"Identification of person to whom instrument is payable","url":"\/8.3A-110\/","token":"8.3A\/1\/8.3A-110","metadata":{"court_decisions":{"0":{"name":"In Re Forster","case_number":"19-50099","citation":"465 B.R. 97","date":"2012-01-03","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/2187476\/in-re-forster\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. 465 B.R. 97 (2012) .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"United States Bankruptcy Court, W.D. Virginia"},"1":{"name":"Gina Chin & Associates, Inc. v. First Union Bank","case_number":"Record 971463","citation":"500 S.E.2d 516","date":"1998-06-05","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/1059891\/gina-chin-associates-inc-v-first-union-bank\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. 500 S.E.2d 516 (1998) .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"<abbr title=\"Supreme Court of Virginia\">SCV<\/abbr>"},"2":{"name":"Edmunds v. CBC Enterprises, Inc.","case_number":"Record 001079","citation":"544 S.E.2d 324","date":"2001-04-20","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/1059490\/edmunds-v-cbc-enterprises-inc\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. JUSTICE HASSELL .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"<abbr title=\"Supreme Court of Virginia\">SCV<\/abbr>"}}}},{"id":378099,"structure_id":53731,"section_number":"8.3A-111","catch_line":"Place of payment","url":"\/8.3A-111\/","token":"8.3A\/1\/8.3A-111","metadata":{"court_decisions":{"0":{"name":"Terry v. June","case_number":"Civ.A. 3:03CV00052","citation":"420 F. Supp. 2d 493","date":"2006-02-27","url":"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/opinion\/2520046\/terry-v-june\/","abstract":" .\u202f.\u202f. 420 F.Supp.2d 493 (2006) .\u202f.\u202f. ","court_html":"District Court, W.D. Virginia"}}}},{"id":378100,"structure_id":53731,"section_number":"8.3A-112","catch_line":"Interest","url":"\/8.3A-112\/","token":"8.3A\/1\/8.3A-112","metadata":false},{"id":378101,"structure_id":53731,"section_number":"8.3A-113","catch_line":"Date of instrument","url":"\/8.3A-113\/","token":"8.3A\/1\/8.3A-113","metadata":{"court_decisions":""}},{"id":378102,"structure_id":53731,"section_number":"8.3A-114","catch_line":"Contradictory terms of instrument","url":"\/8.3A-114\/","token":"8.3A\/1\/8.3A-114","metadata":false},{"id":378103,"structure_id":53731,"section_number":"8.3A-115","catch_line":"Incomplete instrument","url":"\/8.3A-115\/","token":"8.3A\/1\/8.3A-115","metadata":false},{"id":378104,"structure_id":53731,"section_number":"8.3A-116","catch_line":"Joint and several liability; contribution","url":"\/8.3A-116\/","token":"8.3A\/1\/8.3A-116","metadata":false},{"id":378105,"structure_id":53731,"section_number":"8.3A-117","catch_line":"Other agreements affecting instrument","url":"\/8.3A-117\/","token":"8.3A\/1\/8.3A-117","metadata":false},{"id":378107,"structure_id":53731,"section_number":"8.3A-118","catch_line":"Statute of limitations","url":"\/8.3A-118\/","token":"8.3A\/1\/8.3A-118","metadata":false},{"id":378106,"structure_id":53731,"section_number":"8.3A-118.1","catch_line":"Statute of limitations on deposit accounts and certificates of deposit","url":"\/8.3A-118.1\/","token":"8.3A\/1\/8.3A-118.1","metadata":false},{"id":378108,"structure_id":53731,"section_number":"8.3A-119","catch_line":"Notice of right to defend action","url":"\/8.3A-119\/","token":"8.3A\/1\/8.3A-119","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":378106,"structure_id":53731,"section_number":"8.3A-118.1","catch_line":"Statute of limitations on deposit accounts and certificates of deposit","url":"\/8.3A-118.1\/","token":"8.3A\/1\/8.3A-118.1","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/8.3A-119\/","history_text":"<p>This law was first created in 1964. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 219 of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. Unfortunately, the 1964 \u201cActs\u201d aren\u2019t available online. It has been modified 1 time. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. That modification is as follows: in 1992, chapter 693.<\/p>","references":false,"refers_to":false,"permalink":{"id":1509787,"object_type":"law","relational_id":378108,"identifier":"8.3A-119","token":"8.3A\/1\/8.3A-119","url":"\/8.3A-119\/","edition_id":2,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/8.3A-119\/","token":"8.3A\/1\/8.3A-119","dublin_core":{"Title":"Notice of right to defend action","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 8.3A-119","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section><p>In an action for breach of an obligation for which a third person is answerable over pursuant to this title or Title 8.4, the <span class=\"dictionary\">defendant<\/span> may give the third person written notice of the <span class=\"dictionary\">litigation<\/span>, and the person notified may then give similar notice to any other person who is answerable over. If the notice states (i) that the person notified may come in and defend and (ii) that failure to do so will bind the person notified in an action later brought by the person giving the notice as to any determination of <span class=\"dictionary\">fact<\/span> common to the two <span class=\"dictionary\">litigations<\/span>, the person notified is so bound unless after seasonable receipt of the notice the person notified does come in and defend.<\/p><\/section>","plain_text":"                                 CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nNOTICE OF RIGHT TO DEFEND ACTION (\u00a7 8.3A-119)\n\nIn an action for breach of an obligation for which a third person is answerable\nover pursuant to this title or Title 8.4, the defendant may give the third\nperson written notice of the litigation, and the person notified may then give\nsimilar notice to any other person who is answerable over. If the notice states\n(i) that the person notified may come in and defend and (ii) that failure to do\nso will bind the person notified in an action later brought by the person giving\nthe notice as to any determination of fact common to the two litigations, the\nperson notified is so bound unless after seasonable receipt of the notice the\nperson notified does come in and defend.\n\nHISTORY: 1964, c. 219, \u00a7 8.3-803; 1992, c. 693.","edition":{"id":2,"name":"2026","slug":"2026","date_created":"2026-07-16 18:40:23","date_modified":"2026-08-02 15:14:36","current":1,"order_by":2,"last_import":"2026-08-02 12:37:30"}}