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<law><site_title>Virginia Decoded</site_title><site_url>https://vacode.org</site_url><law_id>363351</law_id><section_number>40.1-28.7:9</section_number><catch_line>Limiting employees&amp;#8217; sharing wage information with other persons prohibited; civil penalty</catch_line><edition url="https://vacode.org/2026/" slug="2026" current="TRUE" last_updated="2026-08-02">2026</edition><structure><unit label="title" level="1" order_by="89" identifier="40.1">Labor and Employment</unit><unit label="chapter" level="2" order_by="3" identifier="3">Protection of Employees</unit><unit label="article" level="3" order_by="1" identifier="1">General Provisions</unit></structure><text>
						<section id="A"><p><span class="prefix-number">A.</span> No <span class="dictionary">employer</span> shall discharge from employment or take other retaliatory action against an <span class="dictionary">employee</span> because the <span class="dictionary">employee</span> (i) inquired about or discussed with, or disclosed to, another <span class="dictionary">employee</span> any information about either the <span class="dictionary">employee</span>&#x2019;s own wages or other compensation or about any other <span class="dictionary">employee</span>&#x2019;s wages or other compensation or (ii) filed a complaint with the <span class="dictionary">Department</span> alleging a violation of this section. However, the provisions of this section shall not apply to <span class="dictionary">employees</span> who have access to the compensation information of other <span class="dictionary">employees</span> or applicants for employment as part of their essential job functions who disclose the pay of other <span class="dictionary">employees</span> or applicants to individuals who do not otherwise have access to compensation information, unless the disclosure is (a) in response to a formal complaint or charge, (b) in furtherance of an investigation, proceeding, <span class="dictionary">hearing</span>, or action, including an investigation conducted by the <span class="dictionary">employer</span>, or (c) consistent with a legal duty to furnish information. <a id="paragraph-1354153" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/40.1-28.7_9/#A"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="B"><p><span class="prefix-number">B.</span> Any <span class="dictionary">employer</span> that violates the provisions of this section shall be subject to a civil <span class="dictionary">penalty</span> not to exceed $100 for each violation. The <span class="dictionary">Commissioner</span> shall notify any <span class="dictionary">employer</span> who he alleges has violated any provision of this section by certified mail. Such notice shall contain a description of the alleged violation. Within 15 days of receipt of notice of the alleged violation, the <span class="dictionary">employer</span> may request an informal conference regarding such violation with the <span class="dictionary">Commissioner</span>. In determining the amount of any <span class="dictionary">penalty</span> to be imposed, the <span class="dictionary">Commissioner</span> shall consider the size of the business of the <span class="dictionary">employer</span> charged and the gravity of the violation. The decision of the <span class="dictionary">Commissioner</span> shall be final. Civil penalties under this section shall be assessed by the <span class="dictionary">Commissioner</span> and paid to the Literary Fund. The <span class="dictionary">Commissioner</span> shall prescribe procedures for the payment of proposed penalties that are not contested by <span class="dictionary">employers</span>. <a id="paragraph-1354154" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/40.1-28.7_9/#B"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="C"><p><span class="prefix-number">C.</span> The <span class="dictionary">Commissioner</span> or his authorized representative shall have the right to <span class="dictionary">petition</span> a <span class="dictionary">circuit</span> <span class="dictionary">court</span> for injunctive or such other relief as may be necessary for enforcement of this section. <a id="paragraph-1354155" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/40.1-28.7_9/#C"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section></text><history>2020, c. 1210, &#xA7; 40.1-28.7:7.</history><metadata><court_decisions><item key="0"><name>Jeremy Skidmore v. Michael Schinke</name><case_number>25-1436</case_number><citation></citation><date>2026-03-30</date><url>https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/10830705/jeremy-skidmore-v-michael-schinke/</url><abstract> .&#x202F;.&#x202F;. USCA4 Appeal: 25-1436     Doc: 41        Filed: 03/30/2026   Pg: 1 of 10 .&#x202F;.&#x202F;. </abstract><court_html>Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit</court_html></item></court_decisions></metadata></law>
