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<law><site_title>Virginia Decoded</site_title><site_url>https://vacode.org</site_url><law_id>377403</law_id><section_number>8.01-465.13:3</section_number><catch_line>Standards for recognition of foreign-country judgment</catch_line><edition url="https://vacode.org/2026/" slug="2026" current="TRUE" last_updated="2026-08-02">2026</edition><structure><unit label="title" level="1" order_by="12" identifier="8.01">Civil Remedies and Procedure</unit><unit label="chapter" level="2" order_by="36" identifier="17.2">Uniform Foreign-Country Money Judgments Recognition Act</unit></structure><text>
						<section id="A"><p><span class="prefix-number">A.</span> Except as otherwise provided in subsections B and C, a <span class="dictionary">court</span> of the Commonwealth shall recognize a <span class="dictionary">foreign-country judgment</span> to which this chapter applies. <a id="paragraph-1408317" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.01-465.13_3/#A"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="B"><p><span class="prefix-number">B.</span> A <span class="dictionary">court</span> of the Commonwealth shall not recognize a <span class="dictionary">foreign-country judgment</span> if: <a id="paragraph-1408318" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.01-465.13_3/#B"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="B1" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">1.</span> The judgment was rendered under a judicial system that does not provide impartial tribunals or procedures compatible with the requirements of <span class="dictionary">due process</span> of <span class="dictionary">law</span>; <a id="paragraph-1408319" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.01-465.13_3/#B1"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="B2" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">2.</span> The foreign <span class="dictionary">court</span> did not have personal <span class="dictionary">jurisdiction</span> over the <span class="dictionary">defendant</span>; or <a id="paragraph-1408320" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.01-465.13_3/#B2"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="B3" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">3.</span> The foreign <span class="dictionary">court</span> did not have <span class="dictionary">jurisdiction</span> over the subject matter. <a id="paragraph-1408321" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.01-465.13_3/#B3"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="C"><p><span class="prefix-number">C.</span> A <span class="dictionary">court</span> of the Commonwealth need not recognize a <span class="dictionary">foreign-country judgment</span> if: <a id="paragraph-1408322" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.01-465.13_3/#C"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="C1" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">1.</span> The <span class="dictionary">defendant</span> in the proceeding in the foreign <span class="dictionary">court</span> did not receive notice of the proceeding in sufficient time to enable the <span class="dictionary">defendant</span> to defend; <a id="paragraph-1408323" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.01-465.13_3/#C1"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="C2" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">2.</span> The judgment was obtained by <span class="dictionary">fraud</span> that deprived the losing <span class="dictionary">party</span> of an adequate opportunity to present its case; <a id="paragraph-1408324" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.01-465.13_3/#C2"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="C3" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">3.</span> The judgment or the <span class="dictionary">cause of action</span> on which the judgment is based is repugnant to the public policy of the Commonwealth or of the United States; <a id="paragraph-1408325" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.01-465.13_3/#C3"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="C4" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">4.</span> The judgment conflicts with another final and conclusive judgment; <a id="paragraph-1408326" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.01-465.13_3/#C4"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="C5" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">5.</span> The proceeding in the foreign <span class="dictionary">court</span> was contrary to an agreement between the parties under which the dispute in question was to be determined otherwise than by proceedings in that foreign <span class="dictionary">court</span>; <a id="paragraph-1408327" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.01-465.13_3/#C5"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="C6" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">6.</span> In the case of <span class="dictionary">jurisdiction</span> based only on personal service, the foreign <span class="dictionary">court</span> was a seriously inconvenient forum for the <span class="dictionary">trial</span> of the action; <a id="paragraph-1408328" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.01-465.13_3/#C6"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="C7" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">7.</span> The judgment was rendered in circumstances that raise substantial doubt about the integrity of the rendering <span class="dictionary">court</span> with respect to the judgment; or <a id="paragraph-1408329" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.01-465.13_3/#C7"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="C8" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">8.</span> The specific proceeding in the foreign <span class="dictionary">court</span> leading to the judgment was not compatible with the requirements of <span class="dictionary">due process</span> of <span class="dictionary">law</span>. <a id="paragraph-1408330" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.01-465.13_3/#C8"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="D"><p><span class="prefix-number">D.</span> A <span class="dictionary">party</span> resisting recognition of a <span class="dictionary">foreign-country judgment</span> has the burden of establishing that a ground for nonrecognition stated in subsection B or C exists. <a id="paragraph-1408331" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.01-465.13_3/#D"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section></text><history>2014, c. 462.</history><metadata></metadata></law>
