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<law><site_title>Virginia Decoded</site_title><site_url>https://vacode.org</site_url><law_id>378313</law_id><section_number>8.8A-112</section_number><catch_line>Creditor&amp;#8217;s legal process</catch_line><edition url="https://vacode.org/2026/" slug="2026" current="TRUE" last_updated="2026-08-02">2026</edition><structure><unit label="title" level="1" order_by="28" identifier="8.8A">Commercial Code &#x2014; Investment Securities</unit><unit label="part" level="2" order_by="1" identifier="1">Short Title and General Matters</unit></structure><text>
						<section id="a"><p><span class="prefix-number">a.</span> The interest of a debtor in a certificated security may be reached by a <span class="dictionary">creditor</span> only by actual seizure of the security certificate by the officer making the <span class="dictionary">attachment</span> or <span class="dictionary">levy</span>, except as otherwise provided in subsection (d). However, a certificated security for which the certificate has been surrendered to the issuer may be reached by a <span class="dictionary">creditor</span> by legal process upon the issuer. <a id="paragraph-1411553" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.8A-112/#a"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="b"><p><span class="prefix-number">b.</span> The interest of a debtor in an uncertificated security may be reached by a <span class="dictionary">creditor</span> only by legal process upon the issuer at its chief executive office in the United States, except as otherwise provided in subsection (d). <a id="paragraph-1411554" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.8A-112/#b"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="c"><p><span class="prefix-number">c.</span> The interest of a debtor in a security entitlement may be reached by a <span class="dictionary">creditor</span> only by legal process upon the securities intermediary with whom the debtor&#x2019;s securities account is maintained, except as otherwise provided in subsection (d). <a id="paragraph-1411555" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.8A-112/#c"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="d"><p><span class="prefix-number">d.</span> The interest of a debtor in a certificated security for which the certificate is in the <span class="dictionary">possession</span> of a secured <span class="dictionary">party</span>, or in an uncertificated security registered in the name of a secured <span class="dictionary">party</span>, or a security entitlement maintained in the name of a secured <span class="dictionary">party</span>, may be reached by a <span class="dictionary">creditor</span> by legal process upon the secured <span class="dictionary">party</span>. <a id="paragraph-1411556" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.8A-112/#d"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="e"><p><span class="prefix-number">e.</span> A <span class="dictionary">creditor</span> whose debtor is the owner of a certificated security, uncertificated security, or security entitlement is entitled to aid from a <span class="dictionary">court</span> of competent <span class="dictionary">jurisdiction</span>, by <span class="dictionary">injunction</span> or otherwise, in reaching the certificated security, uncertificated security, or security entitlement or in satisfying the claim by means allowed at <span class="dictionary">law</span> or in <span class="dictionary">equity</span> in regard to property that cannot readily be reached by other legal process. <a id="paragraph-1411557" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/8.8A-112/#e"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section></text><history>1996, c. 216.</history><metadata></metadata></law>
