(1. a transaction, regardless of its form, that creates a security interest in personal property or fixtures by contract;

(2. an agricultural lien;

(3. a sale of accounts, chattel paper, payment intangibles, or promissory notes;

(4. a consignment;

(5. a security interest arising under §§ 8.2-401, 8.2-505, 8.2-711 (3), or § 8.2A-508 (5), as provided in § 8.9A-110; and

(6. a security interest arising under § 8.4-210 or § 8.5A-118.

(1. a statute, regulation, or treaty of the United States preempts this title;

(2. another statute of this Commonwealth expressly governs the creation, perfection, priority, or enforcement of a security interest created by this Commonwealth or a governmental unit of this Commonwealth;

(3. a statute of another state, a foreign country, or a governmental unit of another state or a foreign country, other than a statute generally applicable to security interests, expressly governs creation, perfection, priority, or enforcement of a security interest created by the state, country, or governmental unit; or

(4. the rights of a transferee beneficiary or nominated person under a letter of credit are independent and superior under § 8.5A-114.

(1. a landlord’s lien, other than an agricultural lien;

(2. a lien, other than an agricultural lien, given by statute or other rule of law for services or materials, but § 8.9A-333 applies with respect to priority of the lien;

(3. an assignment of a claim for wages, salary, or other compensation of an employee;

(4. a sale of accounts, chattel paper, payment intangibles, or promissory notes as part of a sale of the business out of which they arose;

(5. an assignment of accounts, chattel paper, payment intangibles, or promissory notes which is for the purpose of collection only;

(6. an assignment of a right to payment under a contract to an assignee that is also obligated to perform under the contract;

(7. an assignment of a single account, payment intangible, or promissory note to an assignee in full or partial satisfaction of a preexisting indebtedness;

(8. a transfer of an interest in or an assignment of a claim under a policy of insurance or contract for an annuity including a variable, other than an assignment by or to a health-care provider of a health-care-insurance receivable and any subsequent assignment of the right to payment, but §§ 8.9A-315 and 8.9A-322 apply with respect to proceeds and priorities in proceeds;

(9. an assignment of a right represented by a judgment, other than a judgment taken on a right to payment that was collateral;

(10. a right of recoupment or set-off, but:

(A. § 8.9A-340 applies with respect to the effectiveness of rights of recoupment or set-off against deposit accounts; and

(B. § 8.9A-404 applies with respect to defenses or claims of an account debtor;

(11. the creation or transfer of an interest in or lien on real property, including a lease or rents thereunder, except to the extent that provision is made for:

(A. liens on real property in §§ 8.9A-203 and 8.9A-308;

(B. fixtures in § 8.9A-334;

(C. fixture filings in §§ 8.9A-501, 8.9A-502, 8.9A-512, 8.9A-516, and 8.9A-519; and

(D. security agreements covering personal and real property in § 8.9A-604;

(12. an assignment of a claim arising in tort, other than a commercial tort claim, but §§ 8.9A-315 and 8.9A-322 apply with respect to proceeds and priorities in proceeds;

(13. an assignment of a deposit account in a consumer transaction, but §§ 8.9A-315 and 8.9A-322 apply with respect to proceeds and priorities in proceeds;

(14. a sale of promissory notes by the Commonwealth or a governmental unit of the Commonwealth in connection with or in furtherance of the exercise of the borrowing power of the Commonwealth or a governmental unit of the Commonwealth.